of or relating to the stomach
Last year the number one reason was stomach and abdominal pains, with 5,000 cases.
academic
of or relating to school or studying
His academic pursuits included history, geography, and physics.
bizarre
very unusual or strange
My bizarre dreams make no sense to me when I am awake.
boarding school
a school where students live during the school term
The boy was sad to say goodbye to his mother when he went off to boarding school.
client
a person who pays a professional person or organization for a service
The client paid for his benefits through the insurance company.
conduct
to plan and do
The scientist will conduct research on the matter of gravity.
determine
to decide; to find the truth
I will determine who will be my assistant after lunch.
epidemic
an occurrence in which a disease spreads quickly to a large number of people
The country is facing a new flu epidemic.
expertise
special skill or knowledge
He was a computer expertise so he can deal with any problems related to computers.
haunted
lived in or visited by ghosts
A haunted house is difficult to sell.
hysteria
a state of uncontrolled emotion
A note of hysteria crept into her voice.
immune
not capable of being aff ected by a disease; not infl uenced by something
Experts say this drug may weaken the immune system.
incident
an unexpected and usually unpleasant thing that happens
No one was hurt in the incident, but the suspect received an unusual punishment.
incredibly
in a way that is diffi cult to believe
Earth looks incredibly beautiful from the space.
infectious
capable of being spread from person to person; contagious
You may not be able to enter a different country if you have an infectious disease.
initiate
to start; to cause to start
After watching the man play basketball, she initiated a conversation with him.
inspection
the act of looking at something closely in order to learn more about it, to find problems, etc.
There is only one step left in the minting process, the inspection stage.
method
a way of doing something
Everyone has a different method of doing their studies efficiently.
objective
based on facts rather than on feelings or opinions
Multiple choice tests are more objective than essays because there is only one correct answer.
phenomenon
something that is very impressive or popular
A man eating fire was a phenomenon that he had not seen before.
physician
a medical doctor physician assistant jobs will see a lot of growth in the future.
preliminary
coming before or done in preparation for something more important
Before her surgery, the doctors wanted to run some preliminary tests.
publish
to prepare and produce (a book, magazine, etc.) for sale
They don't publish the book any more.
rash
a group of red spots on the skin caused by an illness or a reaction to something
Some people get a rash when they eat certain foods.
reputation
what others think of a person, thing, or place
She had a very bad reputation among her friends.
respiratory
of or relating to breathing or the bodily organs used in breathing respiratory problems are common in areas with air pollution.
stable
a building in which horses are kept, fed, and cared for
The horses had not left the stable all night.
symptom
a change that shows the presence of a disease or disorder
Jack didn't show any symptoms of the disease.
thorough
complete; accurate
The students did a thorough job of the presentation.
ambassador
representative
He became the country's newest ambassador to Germany.
applause
approval that is publicly expressed, as by clapping the hands
The audience applauded as the show came to an end.
architect
a person who designs buildings
I wonder who the architect was who built the White House.
contemplate
to think deeply about
The principal contemplated on an appropriate punishment for the boys.
descend
to go down
I descended the stairs to get out of the building.
function
a special purpose or activity for which a thing exists or is used
His brain function is still intact.
goodwill
an attitude of kindness or friendliness
The prime minister went on a goodwill tour of Asia.
humanitarian
related to improving people's lives
Her humanitarian efforts were recognized by the United Nations.
integration
the state of being formed or blended into a whole
The integration of the different elements yielded an award winning product.
interfere
to become involved in the concerns of other people when your involvement is not wanted or helpful
Don’t interfere. Just leave him alone to work out his problem.
legend
a very famous or important person known for doing something extremely well
My favorite legend is Robin Hood.
masterpiece
the best piece of work by an artist
One of Auguste Rodin's masterpieces is the 'Thinker'.
meaningful
having real importance or value
The professor didn't really tell us anything meaningful about the final in today's study session. It was a waste of time.
mentor
to teach or give advice or guidance to
The students each chose a mentor to help them with the experiment.
merge
to become joined or united
He had completely merged his life with her life.
muscular dystrophy
a group of diseases that cause weakness and loss of muscle mass
Rory has Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a degenerative muscle-wasting condition.
organic
related to life and living things organic foods are good for your health.
public eye
the state of being known or of interest to people in general
She doesn't want her children growing up in the public eye.
publicize
to cause to be publicly known
They flew to Europe to publicize the plight of the refugees.
sandstone
a rock made of sand, usually brown-red in color
Where I live, the sidewalks are made of large squares of sandstone not concrete.
sincere
having or showing true feelings; honest
She felt regret for her actions and gave each child a sincere apology.
spiral
circling around a central point
The ball twisted in a spiral as it flew through the air.
stance
a publicly stated opinion
The sense of tone and music in another’s voice gives us an enormous amount of information about that person, about her stance toward life.
station
to assign to a place or a position
She arrived at the station in good time for her train.
telethon
a long TV show with the purpose of raising money for charities
The TV will show a special telethon to raise money for charity.
texture
the appearance and feel of a surface
The texture of the marble was smooth.
trivial
of little worth or importance
These actions might seem trivial at first but may turn out to be miracles later.
troops
soldiers
The troops were all prepared to go into battle.
unity
a condition of harmony or wholeness
The project was finished early, thanks to the unity of the workers.
virtue
morally good behavior or character
My best virtue is forgiveness.
whatsoever
at all
In the present state of technology, a computer will be no help whatsoever.
biased
having or showing a bias, an unfair tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc. are better than others
The articles in this newspaper are biased.
custody
the legal right to care for a child
After the divorce, the mother received custody of the children.
declining
falling; worsening
Unfortunately it also has a sharply declining birth rate.
dowry
money or property that a wife's family gives to her husband when they marry
In that tribe, the bride's family prepares the dowry.
emerge
to become known or apparent
The United States emerged from the Cold War as the world's foremost military superpower.
equality
the quality or state of being equal
There is no equality in the way women and men are paid in the workforce.
factor
something that helps produce or infl uence a result
When choosing a job, there are many factors to consider, such as salary and location.
found
to begin or create something that is meant to last for a long time; to establish
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
generalization
a statement about a group of people or things that is based on only a few; a broad statement
It is danger to have a hasty generalization.
interestingly
in a way that attracts your attention and makes you want to know more interestingly, the river flows north, not south.
irrelevant
not important or relating to what is being discussed
The student's book report was full or irrelevant information.
maternity/paternity leave
a special time off work for a new mother/father for a specifi ed time after the birth of a baby
Maternity and paternity leave must obviously be brought into line with each other.
minimum
the lowest number or amount that is possible or allowed
Most fast-food restaurants pay minimum wage; it is not sufficient to support a family on.
modernize
to become modern
New skyscrapers and factories were built in order to modernize Shanghai.
non-existent
not present or real
This is the perception of non-existent faces.
offspring
one's child or children
These legends should be handed down to our offspring.
painful
causing emotional pain
It was a painful decision to break up with her.
parental
of or relating to a parent or parents
A parent’s efforts not to play favorites can mean that no child gets the whole parental love.
perspective
a way of thinking or understanding something; a point of view
Her perspective of the situation was very different than mine.
portrayal
the way someone or something is shown or described in a book, film, etc.
Shakespeare’s portrayal of Julius Caesar is quite
positively
in a way that shows you agree with or approve of something
Bernie positively identified the people who stole his car.
prostate
an organ found in men that produces the liquid in which sperm is carried
He had prostate surgery last year.
questionnaire
a written set of questions given to people in order to collect facts or opinions about something
The students were required to hand out questionnaires to foreigners walking down the street.
respondent
a person who gives a response, especially as part of a survey
60% of the respondents agreed with the suggestion.
stranger
someone whom you do not know
A stranger is someone you don’t know.
survey
an activity in which many people are asked a question or questions in order to gather information; a poll
We took a survey to see how kids reacted to the new.
to be the case
to be true; to be a fact
Well, I actually don't think that's going to be the case.
trend
a development; a tendency
The woman is desperately trying to keep up with trends in the fashion world despite being overber severbenty years old.
ultimate
eventual
By trying hard in school, I will reach my ultimate goal of becoming a doctor.
accountant
someone whose job is to keep the fi nancial records of a person or business
The accountant helped me keep track of my money.
accumulate
to gather or acquire over time
The snow accumulated rather quickly during the blizzard.
aspect
a part
The book has many different aspects available for discussion.
budget
a plan for spending money
I need to get a budget so I can save more of my money.
campus
the grounds and buildings of a school, college, or university
They live in a dormitory on campus.
competitive
involving competition; relating to a situation in which people are trying to be more successful than others
The female athletes are as competitive as the men.
co-signer
a person who signs an official document with another person
But we didn't have trouble getting co-signers.
crisis
a difficult or dangerous situation that needs serious attention
In an international crisis, the nation might find itself in short supply of products essential to national security.
debt
an amount of money owed
He has a debt of $50 to a friend.
definite
certain; unquestionable
The principal gave a definite response to the student's request to leave campus.
dynamic
having or showing a lot of energy
The new, dynamic employee came up with a good way to juggle his work load.
essential
necessary; vital
It is essential to welcome people with good writing skills into your company.
flexibility
the ability to be easily changed or adjusted
Stretching is a good exercise to increase your flexibility.
importantly
significantly
More importantly than just reading, you must understand what you read.
inspiring
causing people to want to do or create something
That free artistic expression is inspiring to me.
interest
the extra money charged on borrowed money
Her main interests are music and tennis.
laid-off
having lost a job because your employer eliminated your position
Many employees were laid off last year.
official
a person in authority
My father is a government official.
on the basis of
having as a reason
On the basis of the information, we will start our project.
partially
in part; to some extent
The book was partially covered by the teacher.
poll
a survey
The poll showed that many people support the plan to stop gang violence.
profit
the extra money earned after all expenses are paid
She made a big profit selling Christmas decorations.
sectors
an area of an economy
During the 1920s most sectors of the American economy grew.
statistic
a number that represents a piece of information
The statistics showed that we did just as well this year as last year.
tempt
to cause someone to want to do something
I wasn’t hungry, but she tempted me with a piece of my favorite cake.
undergraduate
a student in a university or college studying to receive a four- year degree undergraduate students are required to take certain courses to achieve their degrees.
victim
a person harmed by someone or something
I was a victim of a robbery.
workshop
a brief educational program focusing on a particular topic
They were at the workshop until midnight.
administrator
a manager
Everyone in the store did whatever the administrator asked them to do.
code
a system of symbols that control computer actions
Please enter your secret code.
compact
smaller than other things of the same kind
The morning traffic had compacted the snow into a sheet of ice.
connotation
an idea or quality that a word makes you think about
The author had sophisticated connotation, using
convenient
easy to use
Fast food is convenient, but it is unhealthy.
convert
to change (something) into a different form
You should convert your American dollars into Korean won.
device
a machine or piece of equipment that has been made for a particular purpose
The latest devices are fun to use for many tasks like browsing cyber space, but it is important to keep your distance from them as well.
dominant
the most common; the most important
Football is a dominant sport in the state of Texas.
efficient
able to produce desired results without wasting materials, time, or energy
This is not the most efficient way to do the job. I can show you a faster way.
ethical
involving questions of right and wrong behavior
The committee is in place to ensure the ethical.
exploit
to use (someone or something) in an unfair way
It is evident that humans tend to exploit natural resources to benefit themselves.
fee
an amount of money that must be paid
There is no entrance fee to the gallery.
format
a form; a layout
You need to follow our format so that your project matches ours.
freeware
software available for free
Is there a freeware program that I can use to produce my own clip art?
malicious
having or showing a desire to do harm
He had a few malicious digs about his wife's weight problem.
manual
a small book that gives useful information about something
Before we start building the table set, we read
medium (pl.media)
a form or system of communication or entertainment
He ordered a medium sized pizza.
motive
a reason for doing something
His motive for studying so hard is to get into a good college.
noble
having or showing personal qualities that people admire
Their love was very noble and pure.
notify
to inform; to communicate specifi c information
Please notify me when your father gets home.
open source program
a program code that anyone can change and share
Examples of popular open source programs are the Apache Web server, sendmail mail server and Linux operating system.
portable
easy to carry or move around
These are portable structures which act as schools.
portion
a part of a larger amount
A significant portion of his salary goes to charity.
probe
a careful examination or investigation
Eleven months later, the probe would fail.
reproduction
the act of copying something reproduction is one of the causes of death.
revolutionary
causing or relating to a great or complete change
The revolutionary new homes can be built anywhere.
stand for
to mean; to signify
What does this symbol stand for?
superior
higher in quality
I think cooking outdoors is superior to cooking indoors.
swap
to exchange for something else
We swapped jerseys at the end of the soccer game.
vinyl
a flexible plastic material
His shiny black raincoat is made from vinyl.
absorption
the process of taking in and making part of an existing whole absorption is the process in which grains of rice soaks up the water in which it is immersed in.
afterward
at a later time
Afterwards, we all went out to dinner together.
chemical
a substance made joined elements or molecules
Some chemicals will explode if you mix them together.
commonly
often
We commonly go to church on Sunday morning.
consist (of)
to be made up of
The cakes consist of flour, milk, eggs and butter.
consume
to eat or drink
I'm looking for a car that doesn't consume so much gas.
erase
to remove from existence or memory
It is better to do mathematics on a blackboard than on a piece of paper because chalk is easier to erase.
impatient
not patient; not willing to wait for something or someone
The impatient child cried because he wanted to leave .
ineffective
not having the intended effect
The new drug was ineffective.
kidney
either of two organs in the body that remove waste from the blood and make urine
Blood is filtered in the kidney.
lifestyle
the way a person lives
They enjoyed an income and lifestyle that many people would envy.
liver
a large organ of the body that produces bile and cleans the blood
Parasites found in meat can cause heart, liver, and eye problems.
minimize
to reduce or keep to a minimum
Both Zach and Tony bought a specially made swimming suit that could minimize resistance against water and help them swim faster.
nonetheless
however; still nonetheless, they usually throw away a very nutritious part of the fruit―the peel.
nutrient
a substance that a living thing needs to live and grow
The soil was full of nutrients that would help crops grow well.
obese
fat in a way that is unhealthy
The introduction of fast foods is the leading cause of obesity in developing countries.
permanent
lasting or continuing for a long time or forever
The mother was worried because her daughter's permanent teeth have not come in yet.
physically
related to or involving the body
She felt physically sick before the exam.
pollutant
something that pollutes
The stream is filled with many pollutants from the factory.
procedure
a medical treatment or operation
Technically, the procedure is brain damage.
realistic
based on what is real rather than on what is hoped for
It isn't realistic to think that you can teach your dog to talk.
relieve
to reduce or remove (an unpleasant feeling)
Exercise is an effective way to relieve the stress of university life.
seep
to flow or pass slowly through small openings
Milk was seeping from the bottom of the carton onto the table.
substance
a material of a particular kind
The box was filled with an unknown substance.
surgical
having to do with surgery
The surgical operation resulted in failure.
temporarily
for a limited amount of time
Joe temporarily left the office. He'll be back in a moment.
tissue
a material that forms the parts of a plant or animal
Can you had me a tissue?
transformation
a complete change
The historical structure underwent a huge transformation that resulted in its preservation for many years to come.
undermine
to make weaker or less effective
Anxiety undermines the intellect.
aggressive
ready and willing to fight or be forceful
My dogs are very aggressive.
appropriate
right or suitable
It’s appropriate to wear a suit when you go to the office.
barrier
an obstruction; a limit
The policemen placed a road barrier and checked all the cars on the road.
burden
something that is difficult or that causes worry; a load
She didn’t ask her family for help she didn’t want to be a burden.
cooperate
to work together
In order for the group to succeed, we must all stop arguing and begin to cooperate.
corporate
involving or associated with corporations corporate tax rates are low to attract international business.
deliberately
in a way that is intended or planned; purposely
He deliberately misled his parents.
dishonest
showing a lack of truth, honesty, or trustworthiness
She was being dishonest when she copied the answers from his test.
diverse
made up of people or things that are diff erent from each other
More diverse materials are being considered to make buildings more earthquake-proof.
human resources
the department within an organization that deals with the people who work there
Now I work in human resources.
inclined
likely to or wanting to do something
I'm inclined to agree with your policies, but I have a few questions before I give my full support.
inequality
lack of equality; a situation in which some people have an unfair advantage over others
Her essay on the inequality of human races won her first prize in the contest.
inhibit
to prevent or slow down
Her lack of confidence inhibited her from getting a better job.
interrupt
to cause (something) to stop happening for a time
I knew that if I interrupted the girls, they would stare at me.
migrate
to move from one country or place to live or work in another
Some birds migrate south in winter.
pave the way
to make it easier for something to happen
Such efforts will pave the way for the ongoing economic reforms.
penalize
to punish for breaking a rule or law
The team was penalized when they broke the rules
possession
something owned
She lost all her possessions during the fire.
profitable
making money
Ben is the owner of a very profitable company.
promotion
being moved to a higher position in an organization
They had a big party to celebrate his promotion.
punishment
the act of making someone suffer for a crime or bad behavior
The punishment for turning in a late assignment was a zero in the grade book.
sensible
having or showing good sense or judgment
I think the sensible thing would be to take a taxi home.
stereotype
an often unfair and untrue belief that many people have aboutall people or things with a particular characteristic
Many Americans have the stereotype that all Asians are good in math.
sympathy
a feeling of support for someone or of caring about their troubles
We feel sympathy for poor people.
trait
a quality that makes one person or thing diff erent from another
Richard possesses certain traits that set him apart from his brothers.
transport
to move something or someone from one place to another
The conductors were the people who transported or led the slaves.
tricky
requiring skill or caution
Back to basics before you start a tricky question.
unauthorized
not permitted; not legally allowed
Someone unauthorized accessed our computer systems.
volition
the power to make one's own decisions; free will
They left entirely of their own volition.
acute
very serious or dangerous
When she fell out of the tree, the girl felt an acute pain in her arm.
ash
a powder made of tiny burnt pieces remaining after a fire ashes are the very hot, dusty substance left over from a fire.
commodity
something that is bought and sold
Handheld games are becoming quite the commodity among children these days.
crisis
a difficult or dangerous situation that needs serious attention
In an international crisis, the nation might find itself in short supply of products essential to national security.
drain
to remove (liquid) from something
The drain in the kitchen sink is blocked.
drastically
a lot; to a surprising amount or level
Henry's new haircut drastically changed the way he looks.
erupt
of a volcano, to send out rocks, lava, etc. in a sudden explosion
He said that the volcano probably erupted.
evacuate
to remove from an area of danger
More than 125,000 homes had to be evacuated in Nevada and California.
fertility
of soil, the ability to support the growth of plants
In India, people believe that rice is important to fertility.
harvest
the amount of crops gathered
The harvest is usually collected in the fall.
harvest
the amount of crops gathered
The harvest is usually collected in the fall.
hazard zone
a dangerous area
Over the past five years, about 11% of new houses have been built in flood hazard zones.
humanitarian
related to improving people's lives
Her humanitarian efforts were recognized by the United Nations.
imminent
happening very soon
The imminent sound of the bell made everyone nervous.
kilometer
a unit of length equal to 1,000 meters
I ran five kilometers this morning.
legendary
told about in stories that are believed by many but are not proven to be true
The legendary sword 'Excalibur', was pulled out by King Arthur.
logical
sensible; reasonable
This is not a logical decision.
loom
to appear in an impressively large or great form
The ominous clouds loomed over the school.
mighty
great and powerful
The mighty wrestler scared all who faced him.
monopoly
complete control of the entire supply of a good or service
Most governments have laws to prevent companies from becoming a monopoly.
pesticide
a chemical that is used to kill animals or insects that damage crops
We wash our fruits and vegetables to remove the harmful pesticides applied to them by farmers.
post-industrial
after the development of industries
A post-industrial utopia is often described as a world where stop the use of fossil fuel.
precious
very valuable and important
This necklace is very precious to me because it was my grandmother’s.
radius
an area that goes outward in all directions from a particular place
The radius of a circle is half the diameter.
revolt
to fight against, like a revolution
The Muslims of Spain revolted in the year 756.
summit
a meeting between leaders from two or more governments or organizations
I am the two hundred and ninth person to stand on the summit of Mount Everest.
swell
to expand; to grow bigger
The union membership swelled.
trickle
a slow, thin fl ow of water
Tears were trickling down her cheeks.
addict
a person who cannot stop a bad habit, such as using drugs
She was a coffee addict. She had more than three cups each day.
address
to deal with; to attempt to handle
Thus, Facebook is at a turning point, and its future will likely be determined by how it addresses these opportunities and challenges.
authorities
people with the power to make decisions and enforce laws
The authorities should know about the problem.
ban
to prohibit
The city will ban all smoking in public.
clarify
to make something easier to understand
Can you clarify what you just said?
comply
to follow (a law or rule)
Failure to comply with any of the above rules will disqualify the entry.
democracy
a form of government in which the people hold ruling power
The founding fathers of the United States created the first modern democracy.
federal
of or relating to the central government
In 1862, the U.S.Department of the Treasury printed the first federal money.
fine
to make someone pay money as a legal punishment
Jane was given a fine for speeding.
gamble
to play games to win money
He lost a lot of money because he liked to gamble.
indirect
not direct; roundabout
We were late to the party because we took an indirect route.
influential
having the power to affect or change others
He is one of the most influential figures in our school.
jail
a place where criminals must spend time for punishment; prison
The criminal has been sentenced to 30 years in jail.
legitimate
allowed according to recognized rules or standards
These are legitimate concerns that many people share.
liable
likely (to do or experience something undesirable)
Introspective reflections which are liable to stall are helped along by the flow of the landscape.
light up
(informal) to light a cigarette
They all lit up as soon as he left the room.
morally
concerning what is right and wrong in human behavior
It's morally reprehensible what you did.
motivate
to give someone a reason to do something
The expectation of future interaction motivates people to look for positive qualities in someone.
norms
standards of proper or acceptable behavior
Not talking loudly in a movie theater is the norm. People who do it are considered rude.
observer
a person who pays close attention to something
The observer was looking at the classroom.
outlaw
to ban; to make illegal
The local goverbernment is considering outlawing smoking in public.
Parliament
a building where national officials meet to make laws
They sent him to be a secretary for a Member of parliament.
pornography
pictures or stories that are sexual in nature
He also was charged with possessing child pornography.
prohibit
to say that something is not allowed; to forbid
Smoking is prohibited in all Smithsonian facilities.
purely
simply; merely
My relationship with him was purely a business relationship.
rebellious
refusing to obey rules or authority
My child at nine is more selfish and rebellious than at eight.
restrict
to place limits on
The train restricts the number of passengers during each train trip.
straightforward
easy to do or understand
The teacher’s grading system was straightforward and fair.
violate
to break (a law or rule)
The person will tend to feel guilty when his or her own conduct violates that principle.
artistic
having or showing the skill of an artist
Picasso’s artistic style is called Cubism.
boundary
a limit
The city boundaries are marked by the railroad tracks.
burial
an act of placing a body in a grave or tomb
Some cultures have a very positive view of burials.
calligraphy
the art of producing writing calligraphy takes a lot of skill.
coffin
a wooden box in which a dead body is placed for burial
I helped to put his body in the coffin.
commencement
a graduation ceremony
Some schools get celebrities as their commencement speakers.
connect the dots
to see the relationship between events
Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.
corpse
a dead body
The corpse stood very still but spoke to the widow in a voice.
decay
to be slowly destroyed by natural processes
On the bed lay a disgusting liquid of terrible decay.
diagnosis
a conclusion about the reason for an illness
The doctor used many resources to make a diagnosis of the girl's disease.
drop-in
a person who visits informally
I’ll drop by on my way home.
flee
to run away; to escape
She tried to flee from the men chasing after her.
font
a set of type in one style or size
Use a larger font for the text.
grave
a place in the ground where a dead body is buried
She laid flowers on the grave.
gut
(informal) used to talk about feelings, ideas, etc. that seem true or right even without a clear reason
My second was the gut feeling that this was not good news.
instinct
something you know without learning it or thinking about it
His first instinct was to duck when he saw the gun.
naively
without knowing; innocently
I, perhaps naively, believed he was telling the truth.
premature
happening before the proper time
It has also been proven that pregnant women who sleep under a tent give birth to fewer premature babies.
pronounce
to say or announce something in a formal way
This word is difficult to pronounce.
proportionally
corresponding to size or shape
Families with children spend proportionally less per person than families without children.
semester
one half of an academic year
This semester I am doing a lot of sports.
shortly
in or within a short time
The show will start shortly so let's take our seats.
skeleton
the frame of bones of a human or animal
We found an animal's skeleton when we were walking in the forest.
stumble into
to accidentally encounter
I stumbled into acting when I left college.
subtle
delicate or clever; not overly obvious and fl ashy
Her perfume was very subtle.
suitor
a man who wants to marry a particular woman
The young lady had many suitor, but her heart belonged to one man.
terribly
in a very bad or unpleasant way
I'm terribly concerned about your low grades
tomb
a building or room where dead bodies are kept
Some people believe that is bad luck to disturb a tomb.
typeface
a design of typed letters
I'd like the heading to be in a different typeface from the text.
typography
the style or appearance of typed letters or words
The dissemination of typography changed the publication system.
vague
not clearly defi ned or understood
He felt dissatisfied with a vague "conception of the brain."
arena
a place or area of confl ict or competition
The new arena was all set to hold the championship match.
assignment
a job or duty that is given to someone
You must complete this assignment by tomorrow.
aviation
the business or practice of fl ying airplanes, helicopters, etc.
During the 1930s, America recaptured the technological lead in aviation.
bacteria
very small living things that often cause disease
There is bacteria everywhere, even if you have just cleaned it.
beeswax
a substance made by bees that is used for making candles and other products
Rolled beeswax candles are made from a honeycombed sheet wrapped around a wick.
boundary
a limit
The city boundaries are marked by the railroad tracks.
craft
a vehicle that travels through the air or through space
The craft that landed on the Moon in 1969 was named the "Eagle."
crystal
a substance that has a uniform structure and is formed when the substance turns into a solid
A snow crystal falls from the sky.
decade
a period of ten years
She stayed for two decades!
dock with
to join with (another spacecraft)
The space shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to dock with Russia's Mir space station.
donor
a person or organization that gives something, such as money
He was proud to be a blood donor.
ecological
relating to the relationships between living things and their environment
That is called an ecological system.
entrepreneur
a businessperson who develops a new business
The entrepreneur worked hard for his success.
innovation
a new device, idea, or method
The Internet is, hands down, the most important innovation of our time.
insulation
a material or substance used to stop heat, electricity, or sound from going into or out of something
Fat can act as an insulator to keep animals and humans warm in cold weather.
lab
a place equipped for scientifi c study or testing; laboratory
She is working in the lab now.
nationalism
a belief that your country is better than other countries nationalism became a new current of modern history.
orbit
to travel around
It takes Earth just over 365 days to completely orbit the sun.
outer
located farther out or away from a center
Remove and throw away any outer packaging.
petroleum
a kind of oil that is the source of gasoline and other products
Gasoline is made from petroleum.
pioneer
to help create or develop new ideas, methods, etc.
Hotmail is seen as a pioneer of viral marketing.
replicate
to repeat or copy exactly
My mom cooked the most delicious meal. I wonder
rocket
a spacecraft or missile propelled by a very powerful engine
The rocket shot up into the sky.
shock-absorbing
able to protect other things from feeling jolts or bumps
This car is fitted with a shock-absorbing device.
solar cell
a device that uses light or heat from the sun to produce electricity
A solar cell makes energy from sunlight.
sphere
an area of infl uence or activity
In the political sphere, the result was democracy, in which supporters of rival policies vied for rhetorical supremacy.
spin-off
a positive effect that was not the main goal of a project
There are amazing things spinning off from the oil and gas industries.
temperature
a measurement that indicates how hot or cold something is
The temperature in the desert is very high during the day.
thereby
by means of that act, those words, etc.
He didn’t score a goal, thereby ending his chance at setting a record.
urine
waste liquid that collects in the bladder before leaving the body
Before I started working for the company, I was made to give a urine sample to test for illegal drugs.
utilize
to make use of
We utilized all the resources for our profit.
abdomen
the part of the body below the chest; the stomach
After he ate too much, the man felt pain in his abdomen.
accomplishment
an achievement; something completed successfully
It is a great accomplishment to have graduated first in your class.
aerobic
strengthening the heart and lungs by making them work hard for several minutes or more
She does aerobics every day.
athletic
of or relating to athletes or sports
This school encourages all sorts of athletic sports.
barrier
an obstruction; a limit
The policemen placed a road barrier and checked all the cars on the road.
concept
an idea of what something is or how it works
I understand the basic concept of this theory, but not the details.
declare
to say or state something publicly
She delcared that she was leaving soon.
differential
relating to or based on a difference
The actual differential is much higher.
dominance
the state of being more important or successful than most or all others
Hitler rose to dominance because of the way people felt after World War I.
fad
something that is very popular for a short time
High-heeled shoes was a popular fad in the 70's for men.
fatigue
to cause to become tired
This phenomenon, called adaptation, reflects the fatigue of receptors sensitive to sour tastes.
fusion
a combination or mixture of things
His fusion of various international foods made his restaurant popular.
historically
relating to history; in the past historically, women were thought to be unintelligent.
limitation
a the quality or state of being limited
Given those limitations, it achieved its full growth.
lucrative
producing money; profitable
Restaurants may not always be among the most lucrative businesses.
maximize
to increase something as much as possible or use something in a way that will get the best result
We have to maximize our time here, so lets visit all the famous sites.
meditation
the act or process of spending time in quiet thought
Possibilities include special breathing routines, exercise, meditation, and distraction.
novice
a beginner
The novice carefully paid attention to the expert's opinions.
optimal
the best or most eff ective
There is an optimal distribution that can be achieved.
physique
one's body; a physical form
It is usually measured in terms of age and physique.
practitioner
a person who regularly does an activity that requires skill or practice
Ava is a practitioner of acupuncture.
separately
not together
We decided to drive separately so I can leave early.
simultaneously
at the same time
New media can be defined by four characteristics simultaneously.
status
position or rank in relation to others
Apparently, the king has a higher status than his.
strive
to try very hard to achieve something
Professional athletes strive to be the best at their sport.
sufficiently
having or providing as much as is needed; enough
Have you rested sufficiently? Then let’s continue.
trend
a development; a tendency
The woman is desperately trying to keep up with trends in the fashion world despite being overber severbenty years old.
victory
a win
Our team has had two defeats and eight victories.
volley
a series of return shots in tennis or other sports
She hit a forehand volley into the net.
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