BigBook-Book 2 (E)

belong

to be the property of something
My son, the creature you saw is an Ox, and it belongs to the farmer.

big

not small
"It was big, like a mountain, and it had a long tail, horns on its head, and hooves that were split in two!"

come across

to meet something by chance
"Father, I just came across a scary creature!"

farmer

a person who works the land
"My son, the creature you saw is an Ox, and it belongs to the farmer."

father

a male parent
One day, a frog hopped to his father, who was sitting by a pool.

frog

a type of amphibian
One day, a frog hopped to his father, who was sitting by a pool.

head

the uppermost part of the body
"It was big, like a mountain, and it had a long tail, horns on its head, and hooves that were split in two!"

hoof

the hard, flat, horn-like foot of many animals that eat grass
The horse had metal shoes on its hooves.

in fact

in truth
in fact, I can make myself just as big as he!

little

not large
So, the little frog watched his father blow himself a little bigger.

ox

a type of bovine animal
My son, the creature you saw is an ox, and it belongs to the farmer.

pause

to rest for a moment
Father Frog paused

pride

a feeling that you're more important than other people
This fable tells us that too much pride can lead to trouble.

scary

causing fright
"Father, I just came across a scary creature!"

split

to divide something in two
"It was big, like a mountain, and it had a long tail, horns on its head, and hooves that were split in two!"

adult

a grown-up person
Have you heard adults talking about taxes?

charge

to ask for money for providing something
The government can also collect taxes by charging extra money when you buy goods at a store.

everyone

all people
In this way, public places are owned by everyone!

extra

more than what is required
The government can also collect taxes by charging extra money when you buy goods at a store.

government

the system for ruling a state or country
A tax is money people pay to the government.

income

money earned from working
This kind of tax is called an income tax.

library

a public place that contains books
The library has many books.

open

not closed
Taxes keep these places open and running.

pay

to give money for goods or services
Were the adults talking about having to pay money?

road

a pathway for travel
Do you travel on roads?

run

to direct the business or activities of something
Taxes keep these places open and running.

school

a place of learning
Do you go to a public school?

society

the community in which the individual lives
Paying taxes is important because the money is used to pay for things in society.

tax

money paid to the government by people in society
A tax is money people pay to the government.

ceremony

a sacred event
Native Americans also use plants as a part of ceremonies.

for

intended to belong to
You may also know the other name for Dine, which is Navajo.

ground

land
Because of my work, I designed the grounds at the National Museum exhibit for the American Indian.

medicine

a substance used to treat illness
Specifically, I show them which plants can be used for food and medicine.

museum

a building where artwork and artifacts are kept
This museum is in Washington D.C.

Native American

a member of one of the many native tribes living in the Americas before Europeans settled the region
I am a Native American.

nature

the physical universe
Native Americans are very connected to nature.

other

additional
You may also know the other name for Dine, which is Navajo.

relationship

association
This means I study the relationship between people and plants.

specific

particular
specifically, I show them which plants can be used for food and medicine.

very

extremely
Native Americans are very connected to nature.

willow

a tree with thin, pointed leaves and lots of branches
For example, the grounds include plants like dogwood, bloodroot, willow, and cattails.

before

ahead of
before they started to eat, one friend had an idea.

chance

possibility
Then, we can see the chances of getting one type of candy.

chocolate

candy made from seeds of the cacao tree
Two friends bought mint candy, two friends bought chocolate candy, and five friends bought caramel candy each.

front

the forward part of something
The boy stands at the front of the classroom.

happen

to take place
Probability shows the chances of something happening.

idea

a thought, plan, or suggestion about what to do
Before they started to eat, one friend had an idea.

mint

an herb with a strong, fresh smell
Two friends bought mint candy, two friends bought chocolate candy, and five friends bought caramel candy each.

out of

among
"So, the probability of getting a mint candy is 2 out of 9."

park

an area of natural land used by the public
The friends went to a park.

person

a human being
"There are two mint candies and nine people."

probability

the chance of something occurring
This is probability.

set

to put in a certain place
Let’s set the candy in front of us.

type

a particular kind of things
"Then, we can see the chances of getting one type of candy."

apple

a round-shaped fruit that grows on a tree
The boys picked apples in the orchard.

basket

a container made of sticks or bits of wood
Each boy filled a basket with apples.

count

to check one by one
At the end of the day, the farmer counted the number of apples in each boy’s basket.

end

the last part
At the end of the day, the farmer counted the number of apples in each boy’s basket

equal

to be identical in value to
The number of his apples equaled the number of the first boy’s apples.

farm

land where animals and crops are raised
Four boys worked on a farm.

fill

to occupy to the full amount
Each boy filled a basket with apples.

first

before all others
The number of apples in the basket was less than the number of apples in the first boy’s basket.

forward

ahead
The first boy stepped forward.

however

yet
however, the number of his apples was greater than the number of the other boys’ apples.

less

smaller in amount
The number of apples in the basket was less than the number of apples in the first boy’s basket.

orchard

land used to grow fruit trees
The boys picked apples in the orchard.

pick

to remove a flower, fruit, etc. from a plant or tree
The boys picked apples in the orchard.

with

accompanied by
Each boy filled a basket with apples.

athlete

a person who plays a sport
However, she will always be remembered as an amazing athlete.

basketball

a sport played on a court with an orange ball
Tiger Woods plays golf, Lebron James plays basketball, and Usain Bolt sprints.

cancer

a disease involving tumors
Sadly, in 1956, Babe died of cancer.

excel

to do very well
In 1911, a girl was born who would grow up to excel in many sports.

golf

a sport played with a club and a small, white ball
Tiger Woods plays golf, Lebron James plays basketball, and Usain Bolt sprints.

grow up

to become an adult
In 1911, a girl was born who would grow up to excel in many sports.

medal

a piece of metal given as an award
At the 1932 Olympics, Babe won two gold medals and one silver medal.

outfit

a set of matching clothes
She sewed many of her sports outfits!

participate

to take part
Babe also participated in track and field.

quit

to stop
Babe quit high school to play basketball.

sew

to join fabric by stitching
For example, she was good at sewing.

sprint

to run very fast
Tiger Woods plays golf, Lebron James plays basketball, and Usain Bolt sprints.

tournament

a competition
She won many tournaments.

win

to be the best at something in a competition
At the 1932 Olympics, Babe won two gold medals and one silver medal.

bit

a tiny part
Marcal Small Steps knows every little bit of recycling helps save the earth.

clean

free from dirt
However, trees also help keep the air clean.

company

a business
Some companies also make products from recycled material.

healthy

feeling well
So, more trees equal a healthier earth!

manufacture

to make goods using machinery
Marcal manufacturing is an American paper company.

material

a substance
Some companies also make products from recycled material.

napkin

a paper cloth used for wiping lips and fingers
Marcal Small Steps makes products like tissues and napkins.

paper

a substance for writing on made from trees
Many schools and businesses recycle paper.

role model

a person or thing that others try to be like
Marcal is a role model for recycling!

section

a piece
Marcal added a section to its company in 2009.

throw away

to get rid of
The company collects paper thrown away by Americans.

tissue

a soft paper used for cleaning
Marcal Small Steps makes products like tissues and napkins.

tree

a plant with a woody stem and branches
Marcal was one of the first companies to understand the importance of saving trees.

understand

to know the meaning
Marcal was one of the first companies to understand the importance of saving trees.

a public notice
The advertisement said the laws of gravity were different at the Mystery Spot!

barn

a building used to store grain or animals
The Mystery Spot includes a barn and a hill.

curious

eager to know something
I was curious, so I went there.

disrupt

to cause disorder
This means the laws of gravity are not being disrupted.

face

to look toward a certain direction
The ramp looked like it was facing up.

floor

the bottom surface of a room
The floor of the barn is tilted.

gravity

the force holding things to the earth
The advertisement said the laws of gravity were different at the Mystery Spot!

height

the distance from something's low point to high point
The Mystery Spot also changed the appearance of people’s height.

hill

an elevation in the earth's surface
The Mystery Spot includes a barn and a hill.

illusion

something that's not what it seems
The Mystery Spot’s unusual happenings are optical illusions.

lean

to bend
Inside the barn, people looked like they were leaning at odd angles.

mystery

something unknown
It was called The mystery Spot.

odd

strange
Inside the barn, people looked like they were leaning at odd angles.

spot

location
It was called The Mystery spot.

tilt

to cause to lean
The floor of the barn is tilted.

egg

a shell that holds a baby bird, reptile or certain animal
A penguin will look for a partner when it’s time to lay eggs.

excellent

outstanding
However, penguins are excellent swimmers.

female

relating to the sex that lays eggs
A female penguin lays her eggs in the snow.

fish

a creature with gills and fins that lives in the water
They eat fish, squid, krill, and other sea animals.

flipper

a flat limb used for swimming
They move through the ocean using their flippers.

graceful

beautiful in movement
However, they look graceful when they swim.

krill

very small creatures in the ocean
They eat fish, squid, krill, and other sea animals.

most

almost all
most penguins live in the extreme cold, in Antarctica.

partner

a mate
A penguin will look for a partner when it’s time to lay eggs.

penguin

a bird that can't fly and lives in the Antarctic
A penguin is a bird that does not fly.

search

to look for
When penguins are not searching for food, they live together on land.

social

seeking the company of others
Penguins are social birds.

squid

a creature with ten arms that lives in the sea
They eat fish, squid, krill, and other sea animals.

waddle

to walk while swaying from side to side
Penguins waddle when they walk.

although

despite the fact that
although the water may never reach the surface, the roots of some plants can stretch down into the springs.

evaporate

to change from a liquid to a vapor
However, as soon as the rain stops, the water quickly evaporates.

grow

to increase in size
The plant needs water to grow.

may

possibly
Water may reach a desert by rainfall, rivers, or underground springs.

millimeter

a length equal to 1/1000 of a meter
In fact, some deserts get only one millimeter of rain per year!

often

many times
However, deserts often have sources of water.

rainfall

water that falls from the sky
Water may reach a desert by rainfall, rivers, or underground springs.

reach

to arrive at
Water may reach a desert by rainfall, rivers, or underground springs.

receive

to have delivered
Most deserts receive very little rain.

source

a place where something comes from
However, deserts often have sources of water.

spring

a natural flow of water from the ground
Water may reach a desert by rainfall, rivers, or underground springs.

storm

a heavy fall of rain, snow, or hail
The storms can be quite strong and even dangerous.

stretch

to extend
Although the water may never reach the surface, the roots of some plants can stretch down into the springs.

underground

below the surface of the earth
Water may reach a desert by rainfall, rivers, or underground springs.

water

a tasteless liquid necessary for life
Do you think of water when you think of a desert?

block

to not allow something to pass
The oil blocks the animals’ airways.

danger

the possibility that you'll be hurt or killed
Do you know why whales are in danger?

donate

to give something, especially money, to an organization to help them
People can donate money and time to help protect these large creatures.

fat

the soft flesh on the bodies of animals
Whale fat was also used for oil.

illegal

against the law
However, some people still hunt whales even though it is illegal.

oil

a type of liquid that does not dissolve in water
Whale fat was also used for oil.

pollution

substances harmful to the environment
Two things threatening whales are poachers and pollution.

save

to rescue something from dying
Have you heard people talking about saving the whales?

spill

to fall from a container
One cause of pollution in the ocean is oil spills.

talk

to speak
Have you heard people talking about saving the whales?

threaten

to be a source of danger for something
Two things threatening whales are poachers and pollution.

whale

a large mammal that lives in the ocean
Have you heard people talking about saving the whales?

among

surrounded by
He was looking for food among the hens.

bend

to move your body so that it's not straight
The rooster bent low and pulled the object out from beneath the straw.

beneath

under something
He could just see it beneath some straw.

corn

a type of vegetable that grows on a stalk
"However, I would rather have a piece of corn than a peck of pearls!"

hen

a female chicken
He was looking for food among the hens.

lie

to stay at rest
Suddenly, the rooster noticed something lying on the ground.

low

close to the ground
The rooster bent low and pulled the object out from beneath the straw.

once

at one time
There was once a rooster walking in a farmyard.

pearl

a hard, round substance found in some oysters
He looked at it and realized the object was a pearl!

piece

a portion
"However, I would rather have a piece of corn than a peck of pearls!"

prize

to value
"You may be a treasure, to the people who prize you."

rooster

a male chicken
There was once a rooster walking in a farmyard.

straw

a stalk of certain grains
He could just see it beneath some straw.

treasure

something a person finds valuable
"You may be a treasure, to the people who prize you."

cart

a two-wheeled vehicle usually pulled by animals
Some paintings showed simple things, like a farm cart.

collection

a group
One day, Mussorgsky saw a collection of Victor’s paintings.

composer

a songwriter
Modest Mussorgsky was a Russian composer of music.

gate

an opening in a fence covered by some type of door
Another image showed the gates of a Russian palace.

note

a musical sound
It had some low notes and squeaky notes.

painter

one who uses colored liquids to make pictures
Victor was a painter.

palace

the home of a king or queen
Another image showed the gates of a Russian palace.

reflect

to give back
Mussorgsky decided to write each piece of music so it reflected the feelings caused by the image.

Russian

a person born in Russia
Modest Mussorgsky was a russian composer of music.

show

to display
Each painting showed an image from Russian life.

slow

not fast
For example, the piece of music for the farm cart started slowly.

squeak

to make a short, sharp cry
It had some low notes and squeaky notes.

through

in one side and out another
It sounded like a cart being pulled through mud.

wall

a side of a room
Eleven of Victor’s paintings hung on the wall.

wonderful

excellent
It caused people to have wonderful feelings when they looked at the images.

admire

to look at something with enjoyment
A rich man, the Duke of Rudling, had always admired Lassie.

buy

to purchase
She buys a small gift.

continue

to go on
World War I continued.

dog

a type of animal often kept as a pet
Lassie was a Collie, which is a type of dog.

escape

to get away
So, Lassie escaped from her cage and returned to Joe.

family

a group of people who are related to each other
Still, Lassie brought much love to Joe and his family.

hardship

a difficult situation
After many hardships, Lassie finally made it to Joe’s schoolyard.

heartbroken

very sad
Joe was heartbroken without Lassie and Lassie missed Joe too.

include

to contain
Many people were poor, including Joe’s parents.

love

strong affection
Still, Lassie brought much love to Joe and his family.

miss

to feel the loss of something
Joe was heartbroken without Lassie and Lassie missed Joe too.

much

a large amount
Still, Lassie brought much love to Joe and his family.

schoolyard

the grounds around a school
Every day, Lassie would go to Joe’s schoolyard and wait for Joe.

war

a major battle between countries
The time was during World war I.

without

not having or including something
Joe was heartbroken without Lassie and Lassie missed Joe too.

adopt

to take and raise a child
Karen was a peasant girl who was adopted by an old lady.

church

a place where people worship
Karen wore the red shoes to church.

dance

to move the feet and body to music
Karen danced a few steps and she soon realized she could not stop.

desperation

a strong feeling of sadness and loss of hope
She cried in desperation.

joy

great happiness
The angel touched Karen and filled her heart with joy.

lady

a woman
Karen was a peasant girl who was adopted by an old lady.

lovely

beautiful
The princess was wearing a pair of lovely red shoes.

mercy

compassion
One Sunday, Karen cried for mercy.

mind

brain
It was as if the shoes had a mind of their own.

pair

two similar things
The princess was wearing a pair of lovely red shoes.

peasant

a farmer or laborer
Karen was a peasant girl who was adopted by an old lady.

rose

a flower with a sweet smell that is usually red.
This time, the angel returned holding some roses.

shoe

an outer covering for your foot
He wears these shoes to run.

soldier

a person in the army
A soldier saw Karen’s red shoes.

touch

to contact something
The angel touched Karen and filled her heart with joy.

different

not the same
"Our favorite animals are different," said Mitch.

discuss

to talk about
Later, the boys discussed similarities between their favorite animals.

drink

to consume a beverage
For example, both monkeys and lions need water for drinking.

energy

power to do a thing
"Lions, monkeys, and all animals also need food for energy."

fruit

a part of some plants that contains seeds
The monkeys were eating leaves, fruits, and small animals.

habitat

the place where a plant or animal normally lives or grows
"Both types of animals also need to be in their proper habitats."

later

happening after the current time
later, the boys discussed similarities between their favorite animals.

leaf

a green organ on the stems of trees
The monkeys were eating leaves, fruits, and small animals.

lion

a large, yellow wildcat
Mitch’s favorite animal was the lion.

monkey

a type of primate
David’s favorite animal was the monkey.

proper

suitable
"Both types of animals also need to be in their proper habitats."

raw

not cooked
The lions were eating raw meat.

similarity

a quality that makes one person or thing like another
Later, the boys discussed similarities between their favorite animals.

the wild

a large area where plants and animals live freely
"This is so they feel like they are at home in the wild."

zoo

a public place where animals are kept
One day, the boys went to the zoo.

attach

to connect to something
They even attach themselves to waste!

combination

a result of combining two or more things
It is a combination of a fungus and seaweed.

fungus

an organism that lives by breaking down other material
It is a combination of a fungus and seaweed.

gauge

an instrument used for measuring
Lichens are like a pollution gauge!

lichen

a type of small plant that grows on rocks
Have you heard of lichens?

powerful

having great strength
Lichens are powerful living things!

rainforest

a tropical forest with many trees
Lichens are also found in the arctic and in rainforests.

react

to act in response to something
The chemicals in lichens react with minerals in the rock.

rock

a hard, non-living substance
For example, lichens are often found on rocks.

seaweed

a plant that grows in or around water
It is a combination of a fungus and seaweed.

soil

the top layer of earth in which plants grow
This means they can survive without soil.

surface

an outside part or layer of something
Lichens absorb water through their surfaces because they do not have a root system.

therefore

as a result
therefore, scientists can tell how much pollution is in the air.

unusual

not ordinary
Lichens can survive in unusual places.

waste

garbage
They even attach themselves to waste!

bowl

a deep dish
The meat is served on pitas or in bowls.

dip

to quickly place something in a liquid
People dip some pieces of bread into the cheese and then eat them.

dish

food that is prepared in a particular way
A kebab is a type of meat dish.

flavor

taste
These spices add flavor!

fork

an instrument with sharp points used for eating
This food is fun to eat because the bread is dipped into the cheese using a long fork!

grill

to cook over an open fire
Traditionally, a kebab was made from roasted or grilled lamb.

lamb

the meat of young sheep
Traditionally, a kebab was made from roasted or grilled lamb.

meat

the flesh of animals used as food
A kebab is a type of meat dish.

pot

a large, round, and deep container
Fondue is a melted cheese and it is heated in a big pot.

rice

a type of grain
A curry is a meal made of meats, vegetables, rice, and curry.

roast

to bake food, uncovered, in an oven
Traditionally, a kebab was made from roasted or grilled lamb.

serve

to offer food
A common food served in Turkey is the kebab.

spice

a substance used for seasoning food
This popular Indian food is also a spice.

tradition

a custom that has been handed down
Traditionally, a kebab was made from roasted or grilled lamb.

believe

to have confidence in the truth of something
The children believed that Santa Claus was real.

create

to cause something to come into being
He helped to create some National Parks.

eagle

a large bird of prey
For example, it has deer, moose, bears, and eagles.

moose

a large animal in the deer family
For example, it has deer, moose, bears, and eagles.

national

operated by a national government
A national Park is a place that protects wild animals and their habitats.

preserve

to keep alive
The purpose of each park is to preserve wild animals.

president

the leader of a country
Theodore Roosevelt was a famous American president.

protect

to defend from loss or attack
A National Park is a place that protects wild animals and their habitats.

purpose

the reason why something exists or is done
The purpose of each park is to preserve wild animals.

right

a just claim
This is because Americans believe wild animals have a right to be on the land

roam

to wander
Visitors often see grizzly bears and mountain goats roaming in the park.

safe

free from danger
He believed wild animals should have a safe place to live.

should

a word which expresses an emotional, practical, or other reason for doing something
He believed wild animals should have a safe place to live.

visitor

a person who travels to a place
visitors often see grizzly bears and mountain goats roaming in the park.

wild

not tame
A National Park is a place that protects wild animals and their habitats.

clothes

the things that people wear to cover their bodies
Do you have clothes made of silk?

cocoon

a covering made by the larvae of some insects
The silkworm makes a cocoon using silk.

discover

to find out about something
Silk was first discovered by ancient Chinese people.

fiber

a thin thread of natural or artificial material
Silk is a fiber.

gem

a cut and polished stone used for jewelry
He gave her a precious gems as her birthday present.

horse

hoofed animals used for riding or pulling
Silk was traded for gold, gems, and even horses.

impact

influence
A little insect can have a big impact on the world!

mouth

an opening in the body used for eating
A silkworm makes silk using organs in its mouth.

organ

a body part
A silkworm makes silk using organs in its mouth.

precious

valuable
Silk was a very precious material.

route

a passage for travel
The trading route became known as the Silk Road.

textile

a cloth made from knitting or weaving
They used the thread to make clothing and textiles.

thread

a fine piece of cord made from fabric
They used the thread to make clothing and textiles.

unwind

to reverse the windings
The ancient Chinese unwound the cocoons of silkworms.

wear

to carry a covering on the body
Originally, only very rich people could wear silk.