to express support by bringing your hands together quickly, repeatedly, and to make noise
We applauded loudly after her motivating speech.
expectation
a belief or hope that something is going to happen
With high expectation comes great disappointment.
fulfill
to finish or provide something successfully
In order to fulfill the requirements for your degree, you must take a speech class.
hail
to speak of something with admiration and excitement
The students hailed their teacher as a being a good person.
handful
a small quantity or amount of people or things
Only a handful of people showed up for the performance.
historical
associated with or relating to history or the past
I’m watching a historical documentary.
it is a good bet
아마, 십중팔구
With all this rain, it is a good bet that the game will be cancelled.
literary
being related to literature
His book received a literary award from the university.
masterpiece
a very good work of art that is made with great skill, such as a movie or book
Michelangelo created many masterpieces, both in art and architecture.
viewer
someone who watches something on television
The viewers were not impressed with his new talk show as shown by the ratings the show received.
boast
to speak of something with too much pride
The little boy boasted about how many toys he had.
curb
anything that restrains or controls
You should curb your late-night eating because that's how you gain weight.
divide up
to separate
Please divide up all the sheets of colored paper to the students.
encourage
to increase the likelihood that something will happen
My teacher always encourages me to do my best.
metropolitan
relating to a very large city
He preferred living in metropolitan areas rather than rural areas.
occur
to happen
Tornados typically occur when a large mass of hot air meets a large mass of cool air.
reduction
the process of decreasing the size or amount of something
The reduction of the husband's salary affected the family greatly.
residential
being used for private homes but not offices or factories
Businesses are typically located outside of residential areas.
security
freedom from danger, risk
There is a security fence around the prison.
volunteer
a person who does work willingly and without being paid
My mother donates her time as a volunteer at the hospital gift shop.
alter
to change something about a piece of clothing or make it different
I've decided to cut my hair short to alter my looks.
grime
thick dirt or black dust from pollution
Many beautiful statues all over the world are covered in grime from being exposed to years of pollution.
ignore
not to notice or consider someone or something
Please ignore that last email I sent you. It was meant for someone else.
intended
in the way that something was meant to happen
The intended purpose of the birdhouse was to attract birds to the garden.
moderate
being average in quantity or size
Each country has their own opinion of what a moderate temperature is.
outstanding
extremely good; excellent
He gave an outstanding effort but his team still lost the game.
pressing
긴급한, 절박한
We have very many pressing issues to discuss.
recognize
to accept the truth or reality of something
Martina is recognized as the finest female golfer in the world.
ruin
to damage or completely destroy something
Her dress was ruined when the red wine spilled on it.
shin
the front part of a person's leg between the knee and foot
When you play soccer, be sure to wear guards to protect your shins.
at some point
언젠가
I will finish my second degree at some point in the future.
catastrophic
causing a lot of damage or suffering
The catastrophic flood ruined the entire village.
examination
the act of examining something closely
A thorough examination of the crime scene is very important.
generation
the entire group of individuals who are born in and live during roughly the same time
Many generations of families have immigrated to the United States from that country.
oral
related to being spoken instead of written
Cultures that didn't have writing relied on oral tradition to teach their people.
pass down
물려주다
Many traditions are passed down from one generation to the next.
recede
to move back slowly from a certain place
When the water recedes, small patches of land can be seen.
set about
begin to deal with
The settlers set about establishing a small village.
survive
to remain alive
Cockroaches seem to be able to survive every weather condition.
warn
to tell someone about something bad or dangerous
The siren will warn citizens if there is an emergency.
architect
a person who DESIGNS or plans buildings or other large structures
I wonder who the architect was who built the White House.
benefit
a good or advantageous thing
The new department store brought many benefits to the city like jobs.
come up with
develop; invent
Can you come up with a better idea?
efficient
capable of producing the wanted result without wasting resources such as time, money or energy
Nowadays, people are looking for cars that are efficient and reliable.
in the long run
마침내
I think that in the long run he is going to be successful.
last
to continue to be useful or available to someone for a set amount of time
In the US, a president's time in office cannot last longer than 10 years.
material
the physical substance, such as wood or metal, that something is made of
You can buy all the materials you need to make that dress at the fabric store.
recycle
to process something so that it can be used again
The fabric is partially made from recycled plastic bottles.
solar
relating to or using the sun or its heat
Did you happen to see the solar eclipse yesterday?
typical
having the usual or normal features of a group
He looked like a typical tourist with his camera and baseball cap.
apply
to spread a substance or liquid over a surface.
Make sure that you apply enough sun screen before you go outside.
ingredient
a quality that is necessary for something to be good or work well
Because she lacked several ingredients, the cake did not turn out very well.
liver
a large ORGAN, in the body that helps to absorb food and clean the blood
Having a problem with your liver is a serious condition that a doctor should examine.
predict
to state that something will happen in the future
It was difficult to predict who will win the election.
proverb
saying that gives advice
A penny saved is a penny earned, is an old proverb.
stock up
비축하다
My mother always stocks up on things like cereal, rice, and pasta.
strengthen
to make stronger
We strengthened our team by adding some new members.
substance
a particular type of material
The box was filled with an unknown substance.
vitamin
a substance that is healthy for your body and can be found in foods or taken as a medicine vitamins are good for your health.
base on
to use ideas or facts to make a decision
This movie was based on her life.
creative
capable of making something new
We need more creative thinking.
focus on
to give one's attention to
Try to focus on the main points of the story.
importance
the state or quality of being important or significant
What is the importance of this meeting?
negative
focusing on the bad aspects of someone or something
The candidate received a negative response for changing his views.
region
a part or area of a country, or the world
This region gets a lot of rain.
relationship
the manner in which people, groups or countries behave toward one another
Sue has a good relationship with Tom. They are best friends.
tend to
having a tendency to do something
He tends to act differently when he is drunk.
typically
in a way that one normally acts or behaves typically, you want to make more money than you spend.
controversy
an argument between opposing points of view
There is much controversy over stem cell research.
curb
anything that restrains or controls
To curb crime, the city installed several cameras around the downtown area.
distribute
to divide something among or give out to people
The church distributes free dinners on Thanksgiving Day.
immune
having a special protection from something, such as from the law
I'm immune to chicken pox since I had them when I was a kid.
mainstream
주류
He is a legendary icon in the mainstream of American culture.
piracy
printing a book or story etc., illegally
The music company tries to halt piracy of copyrighted recordings.
recognize
to accept the truth or reality of something
Mrs. O'Conner is recognized as the country's leading advocate for human rights.
redefine
to change the meaning of something; to give a new meaning to
We've decided to redefine the entire design of the building.
release
to allow something to be printed or shared with the public
The movie will be released on DVD next month.
talent
the natural ability of a person to do something well
Young Mozart exhibited a great deal of talent for music at an early age.
aid
(usually with "in") to give help
The study guide will really aid you as you prepare for the test.
at all cost
어떤 대가를 치르더라도
Let's make this the best New Year's Eve party at all costs.
capability
the means, ability, or potential to do something
She had a capability that we were not aware of.
cue
something such as a word or action during a performance that lets an actor know that it is his or her turn to do or say something
She received cues from the director during the performance.
promptly
in a quick manner; without delay
As I took my tray of food from the lunch line I promptly dropped it
prospective
likely to happen in the future
I met with a few prospective clients today that seem to be a good fit for our company.
respectively
with regards to each of several persons or things as mentioned, in the order they were mentioned
In the race, Gerald and Errolcame first and third respectively.
sum
the total, complete, and whole quantity of something
The sum total was greater than we had expected.
unavoidable
inevitable or unable to avoid
The accident was unavoidable; it was a two lane street, and there was no where to turn.
association
a group of people formally joined together for some common interest or goal
Word association games helps people improve their memories.
champion
a person or team that has bested all others
The boxing champion was well-liked because of his generosity.
in honor of
~에 경의를 표하여
The bridge was named in honor of a war hero.
outright
without delay; quickly
They cannot fire you outright. They have a procedure they need to follow.
permanent
lasting forever; intended to last for a very long time
The scar was permanent reminder of the accident.
possession
something that is owned by a person
She lost all her possessions during the fire.
replica
an exact copy
I purchased a replica of one of Picasso's paintings.
sculptor
a person who creates SCULPTURES
The sculptor created the beautiful statue out of metal.
solid
being firm or hard
After years of weight training, the bodybuilder's muscles were large and solid.
trash
garbage or anything that is worthless
Please take the trash out when you leave in the morning.
bait
a piece of food or other item that is used to attract an animal for the purpose of catching it
People commonly use worms as bait when they go fishing.
contact
to communicate with someone
We'll contact you by mail or telephone.
estimate
to make a general guess or judgment without using exact calculations regarding the value, quality, or nature of something
Could you estimate how long it will take you to finish that report?
fake
not real; made to look like something real
My hand bag was made from fake alligator skin.
imply
to suggest something without saying exactly what is meant
The professor seemed to imply the answer in his explanation.
investigation
the act or process of finding more information about something
The investigation into the fire showed that it had been started on purpose.
lure
to persuade or cause someone to do something or go somewhere by making it appealing, attractive, and exciting
He tried to lure the fish with a new type of bait.
valid
being in effect or in force, often legally
The lawyer did not give valid answers to the reporter's questions.
actual
involving the most important aspect of something
This is an actual coin from the time of the Roman Empire.
afterlife
a life people believe they will have after death
Egyptians were often buried with their possessions for the afterlife.
aftermath
the bad result, resulting situation
The resulting aftermath of the hurricane was utter destruction.
clip
to cut a small section or piece out from something larger
You should clip your fingernails regularly so your hands look neat.
ensure
to make something certain
The hotel staff will ensure that every guests has a comfortable stay at the hotel.
harbinger
one that indicates orforeshadows what is to come; a forerunner
A dark sky is a harbinger of a storm.
in particular
particularly; specifically
Do you have anything in particular that you want from the supermarket?
indication
something that signals that something else exists or will happen
A runny nose and body aches are indications of the flu.
inspire
to give someone an idea to do or make something
The book was written to inspire all artist to pursue their dreams.
portent
sign
A black cat crossing your path is a portent of bad luck.
avoid
to stay away from something
Sometimes, it is better to avoid someone, than to fight with them.
complete with
~을 완비한
His new car came complete with a navigation system.
medieval
of the Middle Ages
Jousting was a form of entertainment during medieval times.
remarkably
in an interesting or unexpected manner
Josh did remarkably well on this entrance exam.
rustling
the sound of material moving
The rustling of the flag in the wind was surprisingly loud.
spirit
the appearance or sense of a dead person
It is said that a spirit lives in the attic of my home.
suite
a set of rooms that are used for a particular purpose in a hotel or building
The suites at the resort hotel were very expensive.
suppose
to assume something as true for the sake of argument or to predict what will happen in the future
I suppose that he will return home by 6pm.
surround
to be all the way around something
They were surrounded by enemy soldiers.
turn into
becomes
The lake turned into ice when the temperature fell below the freezing point.
account for
to provide an explanation or justification for
African Americans account for fifteen percent of the population in this state.
collapse
to suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
Since the bridge was built incorrectly, it collapsed.
due to
because of (something) due to his inactive lifestyle, he gained a lot of weight.
predict
to state that something will happen in the future
It is difficult to predict who will win the election.
previously
of an earlier time
We previously thought that it was not a good idea.
relocate
to move to a new or different place
After the flood, many people had to relocate.
retreat
to move back from an enemy (as an army or a group of soldiers)
The army retreated back across the river.
thaw
to become warmer, usually referring to a solid turning to a liquid
The snow and iced thawed and became liquid.
turn up
to come into view
My sister finally turned up at the very last minute.
wipe out
to destroy completely
And we are talking about a weapon that can wipe out a city instantly.
challenge
to formally invite someone to compete against oneself
The hike up the mountain really challenged my endurance.
concentrate
to focus completely on a task
It was difficult to concentrate at the cafe because the people were talking too loudly.
devise
to think of and plan something
The marketing team devised a new plan to help the company attract more consumers.
efficiently
in a way that produces the wanted result without wasting resources such as time, money or energy
Conrad uses his time at work very efficiently.
in a row
lined up one after another in a straight, singular column
She was absent from class for three classes in a row.
intense
having a quality that is very strong or extreme
She had intense pain when the doctor pulled her tooth.
routine
the usual order or manner in which tasks or activities are performed
Walking to work is part of my daily routine.
skip
to not do or deal with something that would typically occur next
I know that I shouldn't but I often skip breakfast.
stick to
고수하다
This year, I am going to stick to my diet and exercise plan.
activity
something a person does to achieve a specific goal or to have fun
My favorite activity during Physical Education class was playing tennis outside in the summer.
apparent
seen easily or understood; obvious from appearance alone
It was apparent that the student had studied a great deal for the final exam.
blood vessel
any of the vessels, as arteries, veins, or capillaries through which the blood circulates
The blood vessels transport blood throughout the body.
claim
to state something unproven to be true
She claimed she graduated from Harvard University, but no one believed her.
disability
the condition of not being able to do things in a normal way
Due to his disability, Ron has to use a wheelchair to get around.
establish
to start or begin an organization
We have decided to establish a new department.
heart rate
a measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as number of beats per minute
To burn calories more efficiently, you need to increase your heart rate and keep it there for at least twenty minutes.
hit the books
열심히 공부하다
Is it seven o'clock already? I'd better hit the books. I have a test tomorrow.
senior
a older person who has usually reached a specific age
When they turned 65, they became seniors.
stimulate
excite to action
Massaging your feet can stimulate other parts of your body.
architecture
a style of DESIGN that structures have in common; a method of DESIGNING structures
The architecture of the building was plane and unimaginative.
carve
to cut and shape a piece of something, such as wood or stone, into an object
I carved a piece of land from the forest and made a home.
decoration
the act of DECORATING a thing or place
Some houses are full of too much decoration.
demolition
the act or state of being destroyed or torn down
The demolition of the building will take place tomorrow.
luckily
fortunately, by a stroke of good fortune
I luckily remembered to bring my camera with me.
rescue
to save someone who is in danger or in trouble
The firefighter rescued the family from the burring house.
sponsor
to agree to help someone else, either with money or actions
My uncle's restaurant sponsored my baseball team.
temple
a building in which people worship their god or gods
On our trip to Greece, we saw ancient temples where the Greeks prayed to their gods.
undergo
to experience something, especially something negative
Children who learn to fear thunder by watching their parents react to it have undergone similar conditioning.
careless
not being careful
She made some careless spelling mistakes on her essay.
congested
very crowded
At rush hour the roads are completed congested.
constant
happening frequently or without pause
It is very difficult for a person to run at a constant speed for a long period of time.
experiment
a scientific test that is performed to study something and see how it reacts to different conditions
The doctors performed many experiment on the new vaccine.
ignore
not to notice or consider someone or something
Just ignore my sister when she bothers you.
manner
(plural) acting in polite ways around other people
The woman spoke to the customers in a rude manner.
notice
to become aware of something or someone by sight, touch, hearing, or another sense
Did you notice the new trees planted in the playground?
pedestrian
any person walking on a sidewalk, across a street, or down a road
In America, most pedestrians have the right of way; this is not true in some other countries.
sidewalk
a path with a hard surface beside one or both sides of a road, that people walk on
I like to keep the sidewalk in front of my house clear so people can pass by easily.
take place
happen
Where is the party going to take place?
antique
coming from an earlier time and often being valuable
The antique furniture in the store was very expensive.
brake
a device for slowing or stopping the motion of a vehicle
Tom's car is at the mechanics because his brakes are not working.
competitive
being related to competition
My friend is so competitive that he gets very upset when he loses.
downhill
sloping down rather steeply
I really enjoy watching downhill skiing.
immediately
without any delay, delay or distance immediately, the children ran outside when the bell rang.
launch
to start a new business or offer a new product for sale; to give a person a helpful start in business
The designer launched a new product at this year's fashion show.
modify
to change only certain elements of something and leaving others unchanged
Will you modify your motorcycle to give it more power?
similarity
a quality or aspect that makes one thing or person like another
The similarity between the two brothers is close to none.
skyrocket
greatly increase at a fast rate
Our family's income skyrocketed when my mom got a great new job.
spring up
솟아나다
When the target springs up, you have to shoot it but only if the target is the color blue.
apart
separated by space
Many college students in the US live apart from their parents.
basically
in the most essential, important, and complete way
Levels one and two are basically the same except that level two has a few more vocabulary words.
extremely
in a way that is much more than usual or expected
She was extremely upset when she did not receive the job offer.
fail
to stop working
Our security system failed when we needed it the most.
object
something that can be held, seen, or touched but is not living
The moving object was being controlled by Harry.
recently
of a period of time not long ago
We recently had a severe storm.
reconnect
to join or unite again
When I moved to a new work area in the office, I had to reconnect my computer to my company's system.
repair
to fix or RESTORE something that is broken
If you can repair something, it's better than having to buy a new one.
separate
to move two or more people or things away from each other
It's good to keep the vegetables and meat separate in the fridge.
unreliable
being unable to be trusted or believed
Dana has shown that he is not very reliable.
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