n. 우주 비행사
In the movie The Martian, the hero Mark Watney is an astronaut struggling to stay alive on Mars.
soil
n. 토양, 흙
In order to survive, he grows potatoes in the Martian soil.
confined
a. 제한된, 폐쇄된
We have been growing plants in space in the confined environments of various spacecraft for several years.
spacecraft
n. 우주선
In the early days of space travel, plants were grown on spacecraft primarily for research purposes.
function
v. 기능하다, 작용하다
In the early days of space travel, plants were grown on spacecraft primarily for research purposes – to better understand how they functioned and how they grew under different conditions, such as in microgravity and closed environments.
microgravity
n. 극미 중력
In the early days of space travel, plants were grown on spacecraft primarily for research purposes – to better understand how they functioned and how they grew under different conditions, such as in microgravity and closed environments.
investigate
v. 조사하다
NASA has seriously started investigating the potential of space-grown plants as a food source for astronauts.
potential
n. 잠재력, 가능성
NASA has seriously started investigating the potential of space-grown plants as a food source for astronauts.
inject
v. ∙∙∙을 주입하다, ∙∙∙을 (~에) 불어 넣다
Plants are a living, growing piece of Earth; therefore, their smell and color can inject a bit of sensory variety into an artificial lifeless environment.
sensory
a. 감각의
Plants are a living, growing piece of Earth; therefore, their smell and color can inject a bit of sensory variety into an artificial lifeless environment.
artificial
a. 인공적인
Plants are a living, growing piece of Earth; therefore, their smell and color can inject a bit of sensory variety into an artificial lifeless environment.
transpiration
n. 증산(작용)
While it is not yet happening on a large scale, plants grown on a spacecraft may be used to potentially reduce carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, as well as provide water for drinking through transpiration.
habitable
a. 거주할 수 있는, 살기에 적합한
Growing plants in space may help to provide a more habitable environment for humans.
gravity
n. 중력
Plants must have water, soil, gravity, and light, all of which are in short supply on a spacecraft.
requirement
n. 요건, 조건
Experiments over the years have been slowly but surely developing ways of growing plants in space with very little of essential requirements.
scarce
a. 부족한, 희귀한
Water is especially scarce on the ISS, and the amount used is controlled and recycled as much as possible.
reclaim
v. (자원을) 재생(이용)하다
About 93 percent of all water on the ISS is reclaimed from the collected breath, sweat, and even urine of the ISS inhabitants.
inhabitant
n. 거주자
About 93 percent of all water on the ISS is reclaimed from the collected breath, sweat, and even urine of the ISS inhabitants.
mass
n. 덩어리
A spacecraft is not going to be able to carry around masses of heavy, dirty stuff that can be used to grow plants in.
specifically
ad. 특별히, 특수하게
NASA has developed a special container called a Veggie, which is specifically designed for space-gardening on the ISS.
flourish
v. 잘 자라다, 성장하다
The Veggie creates a suitable artificial environment for plants to grow and flourish under conditions of weightlessness.
weightlessness
n. 무중력 (상태)
The Veggie creates a suitable artificial environment for plants to grow and flourish under conditions of weightlessness.
reservoir
n. 저장고, 저장실
The Veggie contains plant pillows and a reservoir.
fertilizer
n. 비료
Plant pillows are bags of dirt, fertilizer, and nutrients.
wick
n. 심지
Small wicks that seeds are glued onto are inserted into the bags to soak up the water.
glue
v. (접착제로) 붙이다
Small wicks that seeds are glued onto are inserted into the bags to soak up the water.
insert
v. 끼워 넣다, 삽입하다
Small wicks that seeds are glued onto are inserted into the bags to soak up the water.
soak
v. 흡수하다, 젖다
Small wicks that seeds are glued onto are inserted into the bags to soak up the water.
fabric
n. 직물, 천
A reservoir of water is at the Veggie’s base, and it is covered with a fabric that allows the water to pass through it.
as long as
∙∙∙하는 한
Plants grow more slowly, but as long as they have a light source above them, they are able to grow in the right direction.
sufficiently
ad. 충분히
The light sourceneeds to be sufficiently strong and directed.
intense
a. 강한, 극도의
This intense light source is indispensable for photosynthesis.
indispensable
a. 필수적인, 불가결한
This intense light source is indispensable for photosynthesis.
radiation
n. (열∙빛의) 복사, 방사
In a spacecraft, the sun’s solar radiation is usually not best for plant growth because the position of the vehicle is constantly changing.
emit
v. 발산하다, 방출하다
LEDs emit little heat, so moving them closer to the plants won’t cause the plants to dry out or be burned.
agriculture
n. 농업
Experiments with plant production on the ISS have also proven valuable for agriculture on Earth, especially for areas in which water is scarce, soil is poor, or space is limited.
vertical
a. 수직의 Vertical farming with an electric light source is now widely used in many countries.
insight
n. 통찰력, 이해, 식견
Continued experiments in space gardening will give more insight into how plants can be grown successfully in challenging environments.
orbit
v. (천체의) 주위를 궤도를 그리며 돌다
Some of space trash float in space; much of it orbits Earth.
term
n. 용어
Both terms identify the same items – man-made objects remaining in space though they no longer serve any useful purpose.
launch
v. 발사하다; 시작하다, 착수하다
Mankind’s journey into space began in 1957 when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite.
satellite
n. (인공)위성
Mankind’s journey into space began in 1957 when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite.
estimate
v. 추정하다
It is estimated that more than 500,000 pieces of trash are now floating through our region of the solar system.
collision
n. 충돌
Rocket boosters, pieces that came loose from spacecraft, and particles created by space collisions or explosions are other examples of the types of trash orbiting around Earth.
explosion
n. 폭발, 파열
Rocket boosters, pieces that came loose from spacecraft, and particles created by space collisions or explosions are other examples of the types of trash orbiting around Earth.
crack
n. 균열, 깨진 틈
One crack was about 1 millimeter in size and was caused by a “space trash particle” about 100 microns in size hitting the window at a high speed.
inspection
n. 점검, 검사
Scientists have created a space inspection network.
cooperative
a. 협력하는
Future plans include a cooperative effort among the governments of many nations to stop leaving trash in space and to possibly clean up the trash already there.
occupation
n. 직업
Who knows, an occupation for the near future might be as a space trash collector.
collector
n. 수집가
Who knows, an occupation for the near future might be as a space trash collector.
mermaid
n. 인어
To be honest, they look nothing like the young, pretty mermaids in legends.
show off
과시하다
They are a group of elderly women who have little interest in showing off their fair skin or flowing long hair.
native to
…에 고유한, …가 원산인
These are the Korean haenyeo, women divers or "women of the sea," native to Jeju Island.
harvest
v. 수확하다
Moving gently underwater in their black wetsuits and weighted belts, these sea-worn women slide along the ocean floor to harvest seafood by hand.
flipper
n. 오리발
With only flippers and underwater goggles but no breathing equipment, the haenyeo have braved the waters for ages.
goggle
n. 고글, (물)안경
With only flippers and underwater goggles but no breathing equipment, the haenyeo have braved the waters for ages.
significance
n. 중요성
Here is the story of their history, their eco-friendly culture, and the significance of their disappearing yet meaningful traditions.
exclusively
ad. 오로지, 배타적으로
All over the world, diving has long been considered an exclusively male profession.
tribute
n. 공물, 조공
Similarly, on Jeju Island during the Joseon era, it was a man's job to dive deep enough to pick abalone for royal tribute.
exploit
v. 착취하다
As time passed, the amount of abalone demanded as tribute kept increasing, and local officials exploited divers to meet the demand of the government.
outnumber
v. …보다 수가 많다
This is how, by the 1800s, the female divers of Jeju Island had come to outnumber their male counterparts.
counterpart
n. 상대, 대응 관계에 있는 사람
This is how, by the 1800s, the female divers of Jeju Island had come to outnumber their male counterparts.
gross income
총소득, 총수입
It is estimated that the haenyeo were responsible for more than half of the gross income earned by the island's marine industry during the 1960s.
marine
a. 해양의
It is estimated that the haenyeo were responsible for more than half of the gross income earned by the island's marine industry during the 1960s.
rubber
n. 고무
It was not until the 1970s that the haenyeo began to wear the rubber wetsuits instead of mulsojungi, the traditional white tops and shorts made of cotton.
relatively
ad. 비교적, 상대적으로
The black rubber wetsuit she wears is a relatively new invention.
shellfish
n. 조개류
The haenyeo use an L-shaped tool called a kkakkuri to harvest seafood, such as shellfish, abalone, conch, and seaweed from the ocean floor.
cling to
…에 매달리다
After one or two minutes underwater, they swim to the top and put their catch into a net clinging to a tewak.
flotation
n. (물 위에) 뜸, 부유
Tewak refers to a round flotation device, often orange in color, that floats on the surface of the water to mark each diver's location.
division
n. 구분, 분할
The haenyeo maintain strict class divisions.
capability
n. 능력, 재능, 성능
They are divided into three groups, depending on their experience and capability: sanggun (top league), junggun (middle league), and hagun (bottom league).
colleague
n. 동료
Although the haenyeo have a strict class relationship and work system, they are colleagues who look out for each other in their rough work environment.
look out for
…를 보살피다, …를 지키다
Although the haenyeo have a strict class relationship and work system, they are colleagues who look out for each other in their rough work environment.
ensure
v. 보장하다, 확실하게 하다
They always follow a set route that ensures their own safety as well as the protection of the marine ecosystem.
ecosystem
n. 생태계
They always follow a set route that ensures their own safety as well as the protection of the marine ecosystem.
promote
v. 촉진하다, 증진하다
The haenyeo culture has promoted environmental sustainability with its eco-friendly methods of fishing.
sustainability
n. 지속가능성
The haenyeo culture has promoted environmental sustainability with its eco-friendly methods of fishing.
forbid ... from ~
…가 ~하는 것을 금지하다
When certain sea creatures are reproducing, the haenyeo forbid themselves from taking any of those creatures.
grasp
v. 이해하다, 파악하다; 꽉 붙잡다
Without knowing about the haenyeo, a visitor to Jeju Island cannot fully grasp the society, culture, and history of the island.
revival
n. 부활, 재유행
The recent opening of the Jeju Island Haenyeo Museum and multiple haenyeo schools is a step forward in the revival of the haenyeo culture.
be prone to
…에 빠지기[걸리기] 쉽다
In a country that is prone to rapid change, the traditional roles of these amazing women may one day fade away.
fade away
사라지다
In a country that is incredibly prone to rapid change, the traditional roles of these amazing women may one day fade away.
volcanic
a. 화산의
Apart from its soil, many other results of volcanic activity of the past can be seen across the island.
erupt
v. (화산 따위가) 분출하다, 폭발하다
By looking closely, you can see where an underwater volcano erupted and pushed volcanic rock into the layers of the soil deposits.
deposit
n. 퇴적물, 침전물
By looking closely, you can see where an underwater volcano erupted and pushed volcanic rock into the layers of the soil deposits.
trace
n. 흔적 Traces of volcanic activity can be clearly seen in Suwolbong.
lava
n. 용암
Black represents hyeonmuam made during the rapid cooling process of lava.
scenic
a. 경치가 좋은
The jusangjeolli cliffs on the southern coast of Jeju offer visitors a scenic view and are characteristic of the island.
column
n. 기둥
The jusangjeolli cliffs are stone columns, which are 30 - 40 meters tall and extend for about 1 kilometer along the coast.
extend
v. 뻗다
The jusangjeolli cliffs are stone columns, which are 30 - 40 meters tall and extend for about 1 kilometer along the coast.
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