v. ~을 함유하다, 포함하다
Gimchi contains a lot of spicy chili.
originate
v. 유래하다
Chili peppers originated in South America.
region
n. 지방, 지역
Many of the foods we consume today originated in the same region and spread to the rest of the world.
ingredient
n. 재료, 성분
Since chilies, in particular, are an essential ingredient for many spicy Korean dishes, you would hardly suspect that they originated in another country.
argue
v. 주장하다
Ask a Chinese or an Indian or a Mexican, and most will argue that chilies are native to their homeland.
in particular
특히
Since chilies, in particular, are an essential ingredient for many spicy Korean dishes, you would hardly suspect that they originated in another country.
hardly
ad. 거의 ~ 아니다
Since chilies, in particular, are an essential ingredient for many spicy Korean dishes, you would hardly suspect that they originated in another country.
native
a. 원산의
Ask a Chinese or an Indian or a Mexican, and most will argue that chilies are native to their homeland.
suspect
v. 의심하다
Since chilies, in particular, are an essential ingredient for many spicy Korean dishes, you would hardly suspect that they originated in another country.
consume
v. (먹거나 마셔서) 소비하다
Many of the foods we consume today originated in the same region and spread to the rest of the world.
route
n. 경로
Columbus set sail from Spain to find a new route to India.
import
v. 수입하다 Imported from South India and nearby islands, black pepper was an expensive spice.
shoot up
급등하다
The Ottoman Empire effectively blocked routes to India, and the price of black pepper shot up.
purpose
n. 목적
The purpose of Columbus' journey was to find a way to safely bring black pepper from Asia and secure the kitchens of Europe.
trade
v. 거래하다, 무역하다
As a result, European traders had to look for new ways to trade with India for pepper and other spices.
as a result
결과적으로 As a result, European traders had to look for new ways to trade with India for pepper and other spices.
journey
n. 여행
The purpose of Columbus' journey was to find a way to safely bring black pepper from Asia and secure the kitchens of Europe.
seek
v. 찾다
Columbus believed he had found the route to India that he was seeking.
instead of
~ 대신에 Instead of black pepper, he found other plants that he thought to be another type of pepper.
secure
v. 확보하다
The purpose of Columbus' journey was to find a way to safely bring black pepper from Asia and secure the kitchens of Europe.
take over
장악하다
The Ottoman Empire took over Asia Minor and the eastern Mediterranean.
revolutionize
v. 대변혁을 일으키다
When Portuguese traders carried chilies to other parts of the world, it revolutionized local kitchens.
valuable
a. 가치 있는
From a nutritional point of view, chilies are much less valuable than rice, corn, or potatoes.
in part
부분적으로
Chilies spread quickly, in part because they were easy to grow in a wide range of climates and conditions, which made them an abundant crop.
exceptional
a. 전례를 찾기 힘든, 특출한
The speed of the chili pepper’s spread was exceptional.
plain
a. 담백한, 평범한
By making even plain food rich in flavor, chilies were the one luxury item the poor could afford to eat every day.
a wide range of
광범위한, 다양한
Chilies spread quickly, in part because they were easy to grow in a wide range of climates and conditions, which made them an abundant crop.
abundant
a. 풍부한
Chilies spread quickly, in part because they were easy to grow in a wide range of climates and conditions, which made them an abundant crop.
afford
v. ~할 여유가 되다
By making even plain food rich in flavor, chilies were the one luxury item the poor could afford to eat every day.
from a point of view
~ 관점에서 From a nutritional point of view, chilies are much less valuable than rice, corn, or potatoes.
nutritional
a. 영양상의
From a nutritional point of view, chilies are much less valuable than rice, corn, or potatoes.
transform
v. 변형시키다
Many local dishes were transformed into hot, spicy, and unique foods, thanks to chilies.
thanks to
~덕분에
Many local dishes were transformed into hot, spicy, and unique foods, thanks to chilies.
attention
n. 관심, 주목
Columbus took other new crops that he expected would capture the attention of Europeans.
ordinary
a. 보통의, 평범한
Chilies improved ordinary food by adding spice to them.
reveal
v. 밝히다, 드러내다
After it was revealed that potatoes grew well on poor soils and in hostile climates, their cultivation quickly spread to Northern and Eastern Europe.
hostile
a. 적대적인, 가혹한
After it was revealed that potatoes grew well on poor soils and in hostile climates, their cultivation quickly spread to Northern and Eastern Europe.
cultivation
n. 재배
After it was revealed that potatoes grew well on poor soils and in hostile climates, their cultivation quickly spread to Northern and Eastern Europe.
staple
a. 주된, 주요한
In Ireland, the potato became the staple food, with adults consuming an average of ten potatoes a day.
estimate
n. 추정
According to one estimate, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the population growth in Europe, Africa, and Asia between 1700 and 1900.
poisonous
a. 독성이 있는
The tomato looked a lot like the fruit of certain poisonous plants that were well known to Europeans.
decorative
a. 장식용의
Tomatoes were at first grown only as a decorative plant rather than as a food.
decade
n. 십 년
Several decades passed before tomatoes began to be consumed as a food.
according to
~에 의하면 According to one estimate, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the population growth in Europe, Africa, and Asia between 1700 and 1900.
be responsible for
~의 원인이 되다
According to one estimate, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the population growth in Europe, Africa, and Asia between 1700 and 1900.
noble
n. 귀족
It was thought that the nobles got sick and sometimes died after eating tomatoes.
blame
v. ~을 탓하다
No one at the time made the connection between the plate and the poison, so the tomato was blamed.
kick off
시작하다
The invention of pizza in Naples in the 1880s kicked off the tomato’s popularity in Europe.
considerable
a. 상당한, 많은
Wealthy Europeans at that time ate off plates made of heavy metals including considerable amounts of lead.
charge
n. 비난
The tomato was later cleared of its false charge.
lead
n. 납
Wealthy Europeans at that time ate off plates made of heavy metals including considerable amounts of lead.
continent
n. 대륙
Chilies, potatoes, and tomatoes spread to other continents and, when blended with local foods, created unique dishes.
acidity
n. 산성
Because tomatoes are high in acidity, when placed on such plates, the fruit would release the lead.
blend
v. 혼합하다, 섞다
Chilies, potatoes, and tomatoes spread to other continents and, when blended with local foods, created unique dishes.
ban
v. 금지하다
We argue that product placement in TV shows should be banned.
stir
v. 불러일으키다
Product placement has pros and cons, stirring arguments over whether or not it should be kept under control.
insert
v. 삽입하다
Product placement is a form of advertising that involves inserting products in movies or TV programs with the intention of promoting the products or brands.
under control
통제되는
Product placement has pros and cons, stirring arguments over whether or not it should be kept under control.
pros and cons
장점과 단점
Product placement has pros and cons, stirring arguments over whether or not it should be kept under control.
intention
n. 의도
Product placement is a form of advertising that involves inserting products in movies or TV programs with the intention of promoting the products or brands.
maintain
v. 주장하다
We maintain our position in order to defend the rights of the general public, mainly television viewers.
defend
v. 옹호하다, 방어하다
We maintain our position in order to defend the rights of the general public, mainly television viewers.
deprive
v. 빼앗다
We offer arguments against product placement─the deprived choice of viewers and the problem of invisible marketing costs.
invisible
a. 보이지 않는
We offer arguments against product placement─the deprived choice of viewers and the problem of invisible marketing costs.
defeat
v. 무산시키다, 좌절시키다
Our first point in argument is that product placement defeats the very purpose of TV shows.
primary
a. 주된
The primary purpose of dramas is to deliver a story, through which meaningful messages on society are delivered.
deliver
v. 전달하다
The primary purpose of dramas is to deliver a story, through which meaningful messages on society are delivered.
pop out
튀어나오다, 나타나다
With random commercial brands popping out to steal the focus from the plot, the show quality suffers.
automatic
a. 자동의
It was a product placement promoting an automatic pilot function of a new car.
absurdity
n. 불합리
The absurdity of the scene, totally out of the context, ruined what emotional sincerity the characters retained up to that point.
ruin
v. 망치다
The absurdity of the scene, totally out of the context, ruined what emotional sincerity the characters retained up to that point.
sincerity
n. 진정성
The absurdity of the scene, totally out of the context, ruined what emotional sincerity the characters retained up to that point.
retain
v. 유지하다, 보유하다
The absurdity of the scene, totally out of the context, ruined what emotional sincerity the characters retained up to that point.
embed
v. 박다, 끼워 넣다
Product placement is advertising embedded in the program.
integrate
v. 통합하다
Product placement is integrated in the show.
promote
v. 홍보하다
The extra marketing costs are added to the product’s consumer price, with the products promoted by product placement becoming more expensive.
content
n. 내용
We prepared supporting arguments─the production funding in the new media environment and the better quality of program content.
perspective
n. 관점, 시각
We would like to approach the issue from a slightly different perspective, taking content creators and product companies into consideration.
take ~ into consideration
~ 을 고려하다
We would like to approach the issue from a slightly different perspective, taking content creators and product companies into consideration.
inevitable
a. 필연적인
Product placement is inevitable in the age of the new media environment.
profit
n. 이익
The profit share from TV commercials is constantly declining.
decline
v. 감소하다
The profit share from TV commercials is constantly declining.
compensate
v. 보상하다
Production companies and broadcasting networks are compensating for the loss by attracting more product placements.
idealistic
a. 이상적인
From an idealistic point of view, the storytelling of TV dramas should not be interrupted by commercial advertising.
interrupt
v. 방해하다
From an idealistic point of view, the storytelling of TV dramas should not be interrupted by commercial advertising.
cosmetic
a. 미용의
It was a product placement sponsored by a cosmetic company.
stereotype
n. 고정 관념
The scene was the talk of the town for breaking a media stereotype of blind people.
establish
v. 수립하다
The scene also succeeded in establishing the character in the story.
be the talk of the town
장안의 화제가 되다
The scene was the talk of the town for breaking a media stereotype of blind people.
spree
n. 열풍, 흥청거림
K-dramas introduce Korean products to foreign consumers, which often results in global shopping sprees.
ginseng
n. 인삼
A recent drama that became a huge hit in China was sponsored by a ginseng company.
extract
n. 추출액, 추출 성분
The hero was frequently seen to drink ginseng extract from a small pouch.
pouch
n. 주머니, 파우치
The hero was frequently seen to drink ginseng extract from a small pouch.
result in
결과를 낳다
K-dramas introduce Korean products to foreign consumers, which often results in global shopping sprees.
out of stock
재고가 없는
The product became so popular among Chinese people that it instantly went out of stock.
asset
n. 자산
The sharing economy is based on sharing assets or services, for free or for a fee, directly from and between individuals.
fee
n. 수수료, 요금
The sharing economy is based on sharing assets or services, for free or for a fee, directly from and between individuals.
landscape
n. 풍경
The economic model is now transforming the landscape of the world economy.
along with
~와 더불어
There are five key concepts of the sharing economy, along with appropriate case stories.
cast light on
해결의 실마리를 던져 주다, 이해를 돕는 사실을 보여 주다, 조명하다
There are five key concepts of the sharing economy casting light on what the sharing economy is and how it works.
advance
n. 진보, 발전
The advance of technology brought sharing into economy.
access
n. 접근
Easy access, made possible by Internet technology, is now as good as ownership.
digital
a. 디지털 방식의
Thanks to the Internet and digital technology, now there is much more data about people and things.
install
v. 설치하다
Hyeonwoo needed to install a new lighting fixture on his ceiling.
spare
a. 남는
Without the Internet, how can you know that somebody has a spare room to your taste in a simple family house?
ceiling
n. 천장
Hyeonwoo needed to install a new lighting fixture on his ceiling.
download
v. 다운로드 하다, 내려 받다
All you need to do is to download an app.
accommodation
n. 거처, 숙소
The sharing economy enables people to share cars, accommodations, and other items.
efficiently
ad. 효율적으로
Resources are used more efficiently, which helps save on materials and energy.
limited
a. 제한된
What the sharing economy aspires to is a more sustainable way of utilizing limited resources.
underused
a. 충분히 이용[활용]되지 않는
The business model of a sharing economy instantly connects owners of underused assets with others willing to pay to use them.
aspire
v. 열망하다
What the sharing economy aspires to is a more sustainable way of utilizing limited resources.
resource
n. 자원 Resources are used more efficiently, which helps save on materials and energy.
utilize
v. 사용하다
What the sharing economy aspires to is a more sustainable way of utilizing limited resources.
emission
n. 배출
The sharing economy contributes to saving the environment since less car use means reduced CO₂ emissions.
sustainable
a. 지속 가능한
What the sharing economy aspires to is a more sustainable way of utilizing limited resources.
possession
n. 소유
The sharing economy is a powerful cultural trend in which people value experiences more than possessions.
appreciate
v. 감상하다
There are many who appreciate artworks, but have no interest in owning them for good.
artwork
n. 예술품
There are many who appreciate artworks, but have no interest in owning them for good.
storage
n. 저장
The artists' artworks might be in storage or waiting for their next exhibition.
permanent
a. 영구적인
He is not interested in permanent ownership of particular artworks.
depression
n. 우울
When her husband passed away, she came down with depression.
grief
n. 슬픔
Meeting new people from all over the world helped her recover from her grief.
sociable
a. 사교적인
For sociable souls, meeting new people is a big part of the charm.
virtual
a. 가상의
In the age of virtual everything, more and more things are possible without ever meeting face to face with other people.
pass away
사망하다 (완곡한 표현)
When her husband passed away, she came down with depression.
come down with
(병에) 걸리다
When her husband passed away, she came down with depression.
make friends with
~와 친해지다, 친구가 되다
She has made friends with many guests and stays in touch with some of them.
stay in touch
연락을 유지하다
She has made friends with many guests and stays in touch with some of them.
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