in the worst condition, miserable
In the slums of Brazil, people live in abject poverty.
alienated
to make an enemy of someone
He alienated his family by gambling too much.
artifacts
an object that is made by a person, such as a tool or a decoration, especially one that is of historical interest
The museum contained many artifacts from the Ming Dynasty.
blatantly
describes something bad that is very obvious or intentional
She blatantly told lies, to get her way.
bourgeoisie
upper class
He broke up with his girlfriend because her bourgeoisie family would not allow her to marry him.
climate
the prevailing attitudes, standards, or environmental conditions of a group, period, or place
The city officials wanted to create an ethical political climate and prohibited council members from receving any gifts.
determinism
the doctrine that all facts and events exemplify natural laws
Economic determinism explains a social structure and culture as a product of the social and technical organization of economic life.
disparities
a difference
There is a big disparity between the rich and poor.
dissatisfaction
lack of satisfaction
When the new manager arrived, there was much dissatisfaction among the workers.
fueled
to provide energy
Her desire to help the poor was fueled by her religious convictions.
inherently
existing in something as a permanent, essential characteristic
There is nothing inherently wrong with adhering to specific practices and strategies.
manifesto
a written statement of the beliefs, aims and policies of an organization, especially a political party
In their election manifesto, the replublican party proposed universal healthcare.
observations
a remark about something that you have noticed
After making several observations, the teacher gave his student critical advice.
oppressed
to govern or treat cruelly and unjustly
The upper class oppressed the lower class by taking their lands away from them.
predictions
a statement about what will happen in the future
The weather man's prediction that it would be sunny today was correct.
proletariat
ordinary people
Members belonging to the proletariat class usually work in factories.
revolutionary
wanting or causing a complete change revolutionary discoveries in science is helping people to live longer lives.
shortcomings
A deficiency
Despite her shortcomings, James decided to marry her.
speculations
Reasoning based on inconclusive evidence
The people had many speculations about why the couple had left the country.
spontaneous
acting in accordance with or resulting from a natural feeling
My brother is very spontaneous; he never plans out his vacations.
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