a privileged ruling class
Princess Diana's father was a member of the British aristocracy.
artisan
a craftsman
An artisan is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft.
characterize
to describe the character of
Her time living overseas can be characterized by three main points: a time of learning, a time of independence, and a time of maturing.
drastic
severe and sudden
The company had to take drastic measures and fire 300 of its employees.
enliven
to make lively
Her humor and jokes enlivened the children at the hospital.
exclusively
excluding or tending to exclude all others
The store sells exclusively to people who are over 65 years old.
expansive
comprehensive
The healthcare proposal was so expansive that it covered every health issue faced by the community.
harsh
severe
The children grew up in a very harsh environment.
incite
to cause something to happen
The cheers from the stand incited the team to play harder.
independence
freedom
The daughter could not wait till she was 18 so that she could gain independence from her parents.
indirectly
happening in in a way that is not obvious
She still controls the company indirectly through her son.
livelihood
the way someone earns the money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing
He makes his livelihood as a computer programmer.
overhaul
to examine something thoroughly, in order to evaluate its condition and to repair if necessary
The ship's engine had to be completely overhauled.
perfection
the state of being perfect
The parents demanded perfection in all areas from their children.
propel
to push forward
His invention propelled him into international stardom.
refer
to talk or write about someone or something, especially briefly
In her lectures, she often refers to her difficult childhood.
revolution
a complete or radical change of any kind
There is a phone revolution occurring with so many people making phone calls over the internet.
steam engine
a locomotive powered by steam
James Watt is credited with inventing the "modern" steam engine.
unskilled
without special skills or education
People who work at fast food restaurants are usually unskilled.
wage
money paid for work done
The employees were not satisfied with their wages.
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