a place or area of confl ict or competition
The new arena was all set to hold the championship match.
assignment
a job or duty that is given to someone
You must complete this assignment by tomorrow.
aviation
the business or practice of fl ying airplanes, helicopters, etc.
During the 1930s, America recaptured the technological lead in aviation.
bacteria
very small living things that often cause disease
There is bacteria everywhere, even if you have just cleaned it.
beeswax
a substance made by bees that is used for making candles and other products
Rolled beeswax candles are made from a honeycombed sheet wrapped around a wick.
boundary
a limit
The city boundaries are marked by the railroad tracks.
craft
a vehicle that travels through the air or through space
The craft that landed on the Moon in 1969 was named the "Eagle."
crystal
a substance that has a uniform structure and is formed when the substance turns into a solid
A snow crystal falls from the sky.
decade
a period of ten years
She stayed for two decades!
dock with
to join with (another spacecraft)
The space shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to dock with Russia's Mir space station.
donor
a person or organization that gives something, such as money
He was proud to be a blood donor.
ecological
relating to the relationships between living things and their environment
That is called an ecological system.
entrepreneur
a businessperson who develops a new business
The entrepreneur worked hard for his success.
innovation
a new device, idea, or method
The Internet is, hands down, the most important innovation of our time.
insulation
a material or substance used to stop heat, electricity, or sound from going into or out of something
Fat can act as an insulator to keep animals and humans warm in cold weather.
lab
a place equipped for scientifi c study or testing; laboratory
She is working in the lab now.
nationalism
a belief that your country is better than other countries nationalism became a new current of modern history.
orbit
to travel around
It takes Earth just over 365 days to completely orbit the sun.
outer
located farther out or away from a center
Remove and throw away any outer packaging.
petroleum
a kind of oil that is the source of gasoline and other products
Gasoline is made from petroleum.
pioneer
to help create or develop new ideas, methods, etc.
Hotmail is seen as a pioneer of viral marketing.
replicate
to repeat or copy exactly
My mom cooked the most delicious meal. I wonder
rocket
a spacecraft or missile propelled by a very powerful engine
The rocket shot up into the sky.
shock-absorbing
able to protect other things from feeling jolts or bumps
This car is fitted with a shock-absorbing device.
solar cell
a device that uses light or heat from the sun to produce electricity
A solar cell makes energy from sunlight.
sphere
an area of infl uence or activity
In the political sphere, the result was democracy, in which supporters of rival policies vied for rhetorical supremacy.
spin-off
a positive effect that was not the main goal of a project
There are amazing things spinning off from the oil and gas industries.
temperature
a measurement that indicates how hot or cold something is
The temperature in the desert is very high during the day.
thereby
by means of that act, those words, etc.
He didn’t score a goal, thereby ending his chance at setting a record.
urine
waste liquid that collects in the bladder before leaving the body
Before I started working for the company, I was made to give a urine sample to test for illegal drugs.
utilize
to make use of
We utilized all the resources for our profit.
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