v. 성공하다
We all want to succeed in everything we try and to avoid failure.
successful
a. 성공한, 성공적인
In fact, the most successful people are often people who have experienced many more failures than others.
inventor
n. 발명가
Edison was one of the world’s greatest inventors, and he acquired over 1,000 patents.
tremendous
a. 엄청난, 굉장한
Edison also faced tremendous difficulties.
inevitable
a. 피할 수 없는
Unlike the average person, Edison saw these mistakes not as failures but as an inevitable part of the invention process.
invention
n. 발명
Unlike the average person, Edison saw these mistakes not as failures but as an inevitable part of the invention process.
in response to
~에 대한 응답으로, ~에 답하여 In response to a question about his errors, he once said, “I have not failed 9,999 times. I’ve successfully found 9,999 ways that will not work.”
not only but also
…뿐만 아니라 ~도 역시
Failures can {not only motivate us to find a successful
way to accomplish our goal but also} help us to grow in wisdom and in spirit.
motivate
v. 동기를 부여하다
Failures can not only motivate us to find a successful
way to accomplish our goal but also help us to grow in wisdom and in spirit.
spirit
n. 정신, 정신력
Failures can not only motivate us to find a successful
way to accomplish our goal but also help us to grow in wisdom and in spirit.
publish
v. 출판하다
At 39, Morrison published her first novel, The Bluest Eye, which received mixed reviews and did not sell well.
novel
n. 소설
However, all her hardships added depth to her novels and encouraged her to improve her writing skills.
hardship
n. 어려움, 고난
All her hardships added depth to her novels and encouraged her to improve her writing skills.
depth
n. 깊이
All her hardships added depth to her novels and encouraged her to improve her writing skills.
encourage
v. 용기를 북돋아주다, 격려하다
All her hardships added depth to her novels and encouraged her to improve her writing skills.
masterpiece
n. 걸작, 명작
Later in her life, Morrison wrote masterpieces such as Song of Solomon, Beloved, and Jazz.
lead to
…로 이끌다, 이어지다
Sometimes failure can lead us to success by showing us that we are not good at something.
path
n. 길, 행로
The fashion designer Vera Wang found a path to success, thanks to her failure.
brutal
a. 혹독한
Vera Wang failed to make the U.S. Olympic team when she was 19 and experienced a brutal letdown.
letdown
n. 실망
Vera Wang failed to make the U.S. Olympic team when she was
19 and experienced a brutal letdown.
passion
n. 열정
While staying in Paris, she happened to discover her passion for and talent in fashion design.
elegant
a. 우아한
Vera Wang is a world-famous designer whose elegant dresses are sought after by celebrities the world over.
seek
v. ~을 찾다, 구하다, 얻으려고 하다
When he was seeking a team to play for, he was rejected by several teams because of his height.
celebrity
n. 유명 인사
Vera Wang is a world-famous designer whose elegant dresses are sought after by celebrities the world over.
arrogance
n. 오만, 거만함
All success with no failure often leads a person to arrogance and carelessness.
organization
n. 조직, 기관
As a result, the always successful person or organization could suddenly encounter a disaster.
encounter
v. 만나다, 마주치다
As a result, the always successful person or organization could suddenly encounter a disaster.
disaster
n. 재앙, 재난
As a result, the always successful person or organization could suddenly encounter a disaster.
mission
n. 임무
Between the 1960s and the 1980s, NASA completed one successful mission after another with no significant failure.
significant
a. 중대한, 중요한
Between the 1960s and the 1980s, NASA completed one successful mission after another with no significant failure.
launch
v. 발사하다
In 1968, it launched Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to fly around the moon.
spacecraft
n. 우주선
In 1968, it launched Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to fly around the moon.
astronaut
n. 우주 비행사
In 1969, Apollo 11 landed on the moon, and the NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person in history
to walk on the moon.
crew
n. 승무원
Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after it was launched, which
resulted in the deaths of its seven crew members.
rescue
v. 구조하다
When the oxygen tank in Apollo 13 exploded on its way to the moon in 1970, its entire crew was rescued, and they were able to return home safely.
continue
v. 계속되다
This continued series of successes made the decision-makers at NASA too self-assured and unable to imagine failure.
orbit
n. 궤도
In 1986, NASA planned to send its second space shuttle, Challenger, into orbit.
mechanical
a. 기계적인
Right before the launch, engineers expressed concerns about mechanical malfunctions and advised that the launching
be postponed.
malfunction
n. 오작동, 결함
The malfunction of the computer seems to be caused by the unstable new software.
postpone
v. 미루다, 연기하다
Right before the launch, engineers expressed concerns
about mechanical malfunctions and advised that the launching
be postponed.
suffer
v. (고통·슬픔을) 겪다, 당하다
Edison, Morrison, and Wang all suffered big failures, but
they never gave up.
triumph
n. 성공, 업적
They learned from their mistakes and went on to experience even greater triumphs.
opposite
n. 반대
We should view failure not as the opposite of success, but as an indispensable step on the path to reach success.
indispensable
a. 없어서는 안 될, 필수적인
We should view failure not as the opposite of success, but as an indispensable step on the path to reach success.
risk
v. ~의 위험을 무릅쓰다, 각오하고 해보다
By risking and confronting failures and learning from them, we can become wiser and stronger.
confront
v. (문제나 힘든 상황에) 마주하다, 맞서다
By risking and confronting failures and learning from them, we can become wiser and stronger.
embassy
n. 대사관
To prevent the enemy from identifying them, they attempt to eliminate all the photographs inside the embassy along with all embassy documents.
escape
v. 탈출하다, 벗어나다, 도망치다
In the movie Argo, a group of American embassy staff members try to escape from a foreign country before the enemy finds them.
eliminate
v. 없애다, 제거하다
To prevent the enemy from identifying them, they attempt to eliminate all the photographs inside the embassy along with all embassy documents.
along with
~와 함께, 더불어
To prevent the enemy from identifying them, they attempt to eliminate all the photographs inside the embassy along with all embassy documents.
reassemble
v. 다시 모으다, 새로 짜 맞추다
While they are hiding and waiting for rescue, the enemy reassembles the torn pieces of the photographs to find out what the escapees look like.
reconstruct
v. 재구성하다, 복원시키다
The staff members must leave the country before their photographs are reconstructed.
incident
n. 사건, 사고
If a similar incident happened today, it would be impossible
for the embassy employees to destroy their photographs in time.
float
v. 정처없이 떠돌다, 떠다니다
There would be too many pictures floating around on the Internet to find and erase.
evolve
v. 진화하다, 발전하다
At the center of this change is the evolving technology of the camera.
capture
v. (사진이이나 글로) 포착하다, 담아내다
The film camera captured an image on a piece of film every
time we took a picture.
furthermore
ad. 뿐만 아니라, 게다가 Furthermore, taking a photograph required knowledge, skill, and practice.
practice
n. 연습
Furthermore, taking a photograph required knowledge, skill, and practice.
adequate
a. 적절한
A photographer needed to learn how to decide an adequate
composition for the picture, to adjust the focal length, and
to set the film and the shutter speed before shooting.
composition
n. (그림·사진의) 구도, 구성
A photographer needed to learn how to decide an adequate
composition for the picture, to adjust the focal length, and
to set the film and the shutter speed before shooting.
adjust
v. 조절하다, 조정하다
In the past, a photographer needed to learn how to adjust the focal length, and to set the film speed before shooting.
practically
ad. 사실상, 실제로
Taking pictures with a digital camera is practically free.
discard
v. 버리다, 폐기하다
When they return home, they can choose the shots they want to keep and discard the rest.
astonishingly
ad. 놀랍게도
The digital camera has made it astonishingly easy to take photographs by making all the shooting processes automatic.
next to nothing
없는 것과 다름없는, 아주 약간
People who know next to nothing about photography
can still produce high-quality photographs.
photography
n. 사진촬영 기술, 사진촬영 기법
People who know next to nothing about photography
can still produce high-quality photographs.
transition
n. 전환, 변환
The transition from the film camera to the digital camera
has changed our idea about what to take pictures of.
occasion
n. 때, 경우
Thus, people took pictures mostly on special occasions, such as
weddings, graduations, and trips to exotic places.
exotic
a. 이국적인
Thus, people took pictures mostly on special occasions, such as
weddings, graduations, and trips to exotic places.
integrate
v. 결합시키다, 통합하다
By integrating the mobile phone and the camera, the
smartphone has further transformed the way we use and
think about photography.
transform
v. 완전히 바꿔놓다, 변형하다, 탈바꿈시키다
By integrating the mobile phone and the camera, the
smartphone has further transformed the way we use and
think about photography.
feature
n. 특징, 특성
These features of the smartphone have resulted in new picture-taking habits.
enable to
…가 ~할 수 있게 하다
The smartphone also enables ordinary people to gather,
report, and spread news without relying on the mainstream
media, such as newspapers or television.
mainstream
n. 주류, 대세
The smartphone also enables ordinary people to gather,
report, and spread news without relying on the mainstream
media, such as newspapers or television.
journalist
n. 기자
Thanks to citizen journalists, inappropriate behaviors, such as leaving one’s pet’s droppings on the street or abusing a bus driver, are quickly photographed and reported online.
inappropriate
a. 부적절한, 부적합한
Thanks to citizen journalists, inappropriate behaviors, such as leaving one’s pet’s droppings on the street or abusing a bus driver, are quickly photographed and reported online.
inconsiderate
a. 사려 깊지 못한, 경솔한, 배려가 없는
Rarely can a quick and inconsiderate response make things better.
abuse
v. ~을 폭행하다, 학대하다
Thanks to citizen journalists, inappropriate or inconsiderate behaviors, such as leaving one’s pet’s droppings on the street or abusing a bus driver, are quickly photographed and reported online.
crucial
a. 중요한, 중대한, 결정적인
Internationally, citizen journalism has played a crucial role in letting the world know the realities of major world events, such as the earthquake in Haiti and the Arab Spring.
infinitely
ad. 무한히, 한없이, (비교급 앞에서) 훨씬
There are infinitely more photographs and amateur photographers now than there were 40 years ago.
amateur
a. 아마추어의, 취미로 하는, 비전문가인
There are infinitely more photographs and amateur photographers now than there were 40 years ago.
preoccupy
v. 마음을 빼앗다, 열중[몰두]하게 하다
Some people worry that these changes have made us preoccupied with taking pictures and flooding the Internet
with too many unimportant images.
flood
v. 넘쳐나다, 범람시키다
Some people worry that these changes have made us preoccupied with taking pictures and flooding the Internet
with too many unimportant images.
essential
a. 매우 중요한, 필수적인
Technology today has made photography an essential part of our culture.
beloved
a. 사랑받는, 사랑하는
Kim Whanki, one of the most beloved Korean artists, is considered the leading figure in the first generation of Korean Abstract painters.
abstract
a. 추상적인
During this period, objects were given more simplified shapes, and his art became more abstract.
cease
v. 중지하다; 중지되다
He was a man who never ceased to challenge himself and grow as an artist.
challenge
v. 도전하다
He decided to go to New York to challenge himself and extend his artistic boundaries.
occupation
n. 점령
During the Japanese occupation, he spent most of his adolescent years in Seoul and then
studied painting in Japan.
adolescent
a. 청소년의
During the Japanese occupation, he spent most of his adolescent years in Seoul and then
studied painting in Japan.
independence
n. 독립
After Korea achieved its independence from Japan, he became both a promising painter and respected professor at an art college in Seoul.
promising
a. 유망한
After Korea achieved its independence from Japan, he became both a promising painter and respected professor at an art college in Seoul.
break out
발발하다
When the Korean War broke out in 1950, he went to Busan for safety.
portray
v. 그리다, 묘사하다
His paintings Shanty and Refugee Train
portrayed the hard life of the common people during wartime.
give in to
~에 굴복하다
If we give in to external force, we cannot initiate even the initial phase of reformation.
pottery
n. 도자기 (그릇들)
He collected old Korean paintings and pottery.
porcelain
n. 도자기
He especially loved large white porcelain moon jars.
blossom
n. 꽃
Along with jars, he often included mountains, plum blossoms, and the moon as subjects in his paintings.
subject
n. 대상, 소재
Along with jars, he often included mountains, plum blossoms, and the moon as subjects in his paintings.
represent
v. 나타내다
Most of these paintings were in his characteristic blue tones, which represented the color of the sea near his hometown.
object
n. 사물, 대상
Paintings like Jars and Plum Blossoms and Jar and Moon represent his love of Korean
pottery and other traditional objects.
simplify
v. 단순화하다
Viewers could see certain forms in his paintings although the objects were simplified.
outstanding
a. 뛰어난
He was not satisfied with being an outstanding painter only within Korea.
resign
v. 사임하다
In 1956, he resigned from the college and went to Paris.
concentrate on
~에 집중하다
He concentrated on delivering the beauty of traditional Korean objects on canvas to the people of France.
eternal
a. 영원한
In his famous work Song of Eternity, he included natural objects from the sipjangsaeng, the 10 symbols of eternal life, such as water, stones, mountains, clouds, and pine trees.
critic
n. 비평가
The painting was praised by art critics for combining Asian concepts and ideals with abstraction.
combine with
~와 …을 결합하다
The painting was praised by art critics for combining Asian concepts and ideals with abstraction.
ideal
n. 이상
The painting was praised by art critics for combining Asian concepts and ideals with abstraction.
prominent
a. 저명한
Kim Whanki returned to Seoul in 1959 and quickly regained his fame as a prominent artist.
boundary
n. 경계(선)
He decided to go to New York to challenge himself and extend his artistic boundaries.
negative
a. 부정적인
In the beginning, he received negative reviews from critics.
review
n. 비평, 감상
In the beginning, he received negative reviews from critics.
exhibition
n. 전시회
A group of paintings were lost during an exhibition.
financial
a. 금전의
With loneliness and financial difficulty, he tried to find a way to survive in New York as an artist.
survive
v. 살아남다
He tried to find a way to survive in New York as an artist.
eventually
ad. 결국
During his 11 years in New York, Kim Whanki’s style eventually reached complete abstraction.
element
n. 요소
He gradually took away figures and filled his canvases with basic elements such as dots and lines.
dot
n. 점
He gradually took away figures and filled his canvases with basic elements such as dots and lines.
long for
~을 갈망하다
The whole nation is longing for the end of dispute and the prospect of peace.
unique
a. 독특한
He began to use only dots and created his own unique style called “dot painting.”
countless
a. 수많은
In dot paintings, he filled big canvases with countless dots.
characteristic
a. 특징적인
Most of these paintings were in his characteristic blue tones.
pass away
사망하다
Kim Whanki passed away in New York in 1974.
entire
a. 전체의
Throughout his entire life, his artistic passion never grew old or became weak.
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